Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Infection on Lamu Island, Kenya, October 2004

Sergon, Kibet; Njuguna, Charles; Kalani, Rosalia; Ofula, Victor; Onyango, Clayton; Konongoi, Limbaso S.; Bedno, Sheryl A.; Burke, Heather; Dumilla, Athman M.; Konde, Joseph; Njenga, M. Kariuki; Sang, Rosemary; Breiman, Robert F.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.333

Cited by 281 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition, the absence of CHIK IgG only is an indication that the CHIKV infection is not endemic during the study period. However, these observations contrasted with other studies (Sergon et al, 2008;Gerardin et al, 2008;Kumar et al, 2010;Sissoko et al, 2008 andMohanty et al, 2013). The difference could be attributed to difference in geographical locations and periods of studies and could be attributed to the exposure of the population engaged in the rubber plantation to the infective biting of…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies to Chikungunya virus among outpatients with febrile illness attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Akinola¹,

El-Yuguda²,

Bukbuk³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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In Nigeria, there is paucity of information on the epidemiology of infections due to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) especially among patients with febrile illness. Cases of febrile illness are usually associated with malaria and typhoid fever without considering the possibility of viral aetiology. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and identify other epidemiological parameters of CHIKV infections among outpatients with febrile illness attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Sera from 370 patients were tested for presence of CHIKV immunoglobin (Ig) IgM and IgG antibodies using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 370 sera tested, 39 (10.5%) were positive for presence of CHIKV antibodies. A total of 24 (6.5%) tested positive for CHIKV IgM only, while none (0.0%) was positive for the presence of CHIKV IgG only. Fifteen (4.1%) of the serum samples simultaneously reacted to both IgG and IgM antibodies. A significant difference (p<0.0001) was observed in the distribution of CHIKV antibodies in relation to gender. The males had prevalence of 8.5% IgM antibodies as against 4.6% in females, 4.6% of females were positive for both CHIKV IgG and IgM antibodies, compared to 3.4% in males. The age group ≤60 years and the undisclosed age group were positive for the presence of CHIKV IgG and/or IgM antibodies. No significant difference was observed in the seasonal prevalence of CHIKV antibodies among the study subjects. Analysis of the prevalence of CHIKV antibodies in relation to clinical presentation in the patients revealed that headache and fever were the most frequently encountered ailments.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies to Chikungunya virus among outpatients with febrile illness attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Akinola¹,

El-Yuguda²,

Bukbuk³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…The central concept behind our approach is that of the 'first-wave' epidemic. Zika and other mosquito-borne viruses have been known to exhibit explosive outbreaks, infecting as much as 75% of a population in a single year 15 . Classical epidemiological theory predicts that some proportion of a population will remain uninfected during an epidemic, because herd immunity eventually causes the epidemic to burn out 12 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-based projections of Zika virus infections in childbearing women in the Americas

et al. 2016

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Zika virus is a mosquito-borne pathogen that is rapidly spreading across the Americas. Due to associations between Zika virus infection and a range of fetal maladies 1,2 , the epidemic trajectory of this viral infection poses a significant concern for the nearly 15 million children born in the Americas each year. Ascertaining the portion of this population that is truly at risk is an important priority. One recent estimate 3 suggested that 5.42 million childbearing women live in areas of the Americas that are suitable for Zika occurrence. To improve on that estimate, which did not take into account the protective effects of herd immunity, we developed a new approach that combines classic results from epidemiological theory with seroprevalence data and highly spatially resolved data about drivers of transmission to make location-specific projections of epidemic attack rates. Our results suggest that 1.65 (1.45-2.06) million childbearing women and 93.4 (81.6-117.1) million people in total could become infected before the first wave of the epidemic concludes. Based on current estimates of rates of adverse fetal outcomes among infected women 2,4,5 , these results suggest that tens of thousands of pregnancies could be negatively impacted by the first wave of the epidemic. These projections constitute a revised upper limit of populations at risk in the current Zika epidemic, and our approach offers a new way to make rapid assessments of the threat posed by emerging infectious diseases more generally.On 1 February 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated the ongoing Zika virus epidemic in the Americas as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), defined as an 'extraordinary event' that 'potentially require[s] a coordinated international response' 6 . This declaration acknowledges the high potential for Zika to establish across the Americas given that its dominant vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is endophilic and occupies an exceptionally broad geographical range 7 . Concern underlying this rare WHO declaration also stems from an association between Zika virus infection in pregnant women and a range of adverse fetal outcomes 2 , most notably congenital microcephaly 1 . As of 30 June 2016, there were 1,674 confirmed cases of microcephaly associated with Zika virus infection in five countries 8 , and there is widespread concern that these numbers could increase further as the virus continues to spread across the Americas 9 .A number of uncertainties surround the future of the Zika epidemic in the Americas, particularly questions about how many women may be at risk of having children with congenital microcephaly and other adverse outcomes associated with Zika virus infection 10 . Of women who become infected with Zika virus during a vulnerable stage of their pregnancy, evidence is emerging that 1-13% may go on to develop congenital microcephaly 2,4,5 .However, the number of women who become infected with Zika virus during that timeframe is difficult to ascertain. One recent study 3 estimat...

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“…Since the first isolated incident in 1952, several outbreaks of the disease, caused by this Alphavirus, have been documented throughout South-East Asia, and Africa [2][3][4][5]. After an incubation period of 1-12 days, patients usually develop a sudden onset of fever, headache and arthralgia [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical Chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations, mortality and risk factors for severe disease during the 2005–2006 outbreak on Réunion

et al. 2008

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SUMMARYIn April 2005, an outbreak of Chikungunya fever occurred on the island of Re´union in the Indian Ocean. During winter 2005, six patients developed meningoencephalitis and acute hepatitis due to Chikungunya virus. Our objectives were to determine the incidence and mortality of atypical Chikungunya viral infections and to identify risk factors for severe disease. A hospital-based surveillance system was established to collect data on atypical Chikungunya cases. Case reports, medical records and laboratory results were reviewed and analysed. We defined an atypical case as one in which a patient with laboratory-confirmed Chikungunya virus infection developed symptoms other than fever and arthralgia. We defined a severe atypical case as one which required maintenance of at least one vital function. We recorded 610 atypical cases of Chikungunya fever : 222 were severe cases, 65 affected patients died. Five hundred and forty-six cases had underlying medical conditions (of which 226 suffered from cardiovascular, 147 from neurological and 150 from respiratory disorders). Clinical features that had never been associated with Chikungunya fever were recorded, such as bullous dermatosis, pneumonia, and diabetes mellitus. Hypertension, and underlying respiratory or cardiological conditions were independent risk factors for disease severity. The overall mortality rate was 10 . 6 % and it increased with age. This is the first time that severe cases and deaths due to Chikungunya fever have been documented. The information presented in this article may assist clinicians in identifying the disease, selecting the treatment strategy, and anticipating the course of illness.

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Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Infection on Lamu Island, Kenya, October 2004

Cited by 281 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies to Chikungunya virus among outpatients with febrile illness attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies to Chikungunya virus among outpatients with febrile illness attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Model-based projections of Zika virus infections in childbearing women in the Americas

Atypical Chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations, mortality and risk factors for severe disease during the 2005–2006 outbreak on Réunion

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