Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies and chronic Q fever among post-mortal and living donors of tissues and cells from 2010 to 2015 in the Netherlands

Roeden, Sonja E van; Holsboer, Eleonoor W; Oosterheert, Jan Jelrik; Kats, Jorge P. van; Beckhoven, J. v; Hogema, Boris M.; Wijk, Marja J. van

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.9.17-00384

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Lower prevalence compared to the present study has been observed in the Netherlands in a 2006-2007 study based on random samples from the general population (2.4%) [4] and in a 2010-2015 study based on tissue and cell donor samples (2%) [59]. In contrast, in the early study from 1983, higher prevalence was observed representing the general adult population (15.2%-60.4%) [60].…”

Section: Prevalencecontrasting

confidence: 81%

Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia

et al. 2019

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Q fever is an emerging health problem in both humans and animals. To estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) antibodies in the Estonian population, we analyzed plasma samples from 1000 individuals representing the general population and 556 individual serum samples from five population groups potentially at a higher risk (veterinary professionals, dairy cattle, beef cattle, and small ruminant stockbreeders and hunters). Additionally, 118 dairy cow bulk tank milk samples were analyzed to establish the infection status of the dairy cattle herds and the participating dairy cattle keepers. Questionnaires were used to find the potential risk factors of exposure. The effects of different variables were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis and mixed-effects logistic analysis. The prevalence in veterinary professionals (9.62%; p = 0.003) and dairy cattle farmers (7.73%; p = 0.047) was significantly higher than in the general population (3.9%). Contact with production animals in veterinary practice and being a dairy stockbreeder in C. burnetii positive farms were risk factors for testing C. burnetii seropositive (p = 0.038 and p = 0.019, respectively). Results suggest that C. burnetii is present in Estonia and the increased risk of infection in humans is associated with farm animal contact.Microorganisms 2019, 7, 629 2 of 12 estimates should be compared with caution as different approaches to determine seropositivity for Coxiella burnetii infection have been used in these studies. In most studies, indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) [2,3,7,11] or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [4,13] has been used, and less frequently the complement fixation test (CFT) [13]. The IFA has been shown to be the most sensitive and specific test for C. burnetii antibody detection, but since IFA testing is more laborious, combining ELISA as a primary screening test and IFA as a confirmatory test has been suggested for large-scale population studies [14].Domestic ruminants are considered one of the main infection sources for humans [13,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. The infection transmits to humans mainly through the inhalation of aerosols containing C. burnetii [13,15,19,21] or via direct contact with infected animals [22,23]. In lactating animals, the bacterium is excreted in the milk [24][25][26], and consuming unpasteurized goat's milk, cow's milk, or raw milk products is a risk factor for acquiring the infection [18,23,27]. Coxiella burnetii produces small spore-like forms [28] that enable the pathogen to survive in the environment for long periods of time [29,30]. Some environmental and meteorological conditions increase the risk of infection, such as higher wind speeds, soil, and landscapes being more sensitive to wind erosion and low rainfall [15,21,31]. A number of animal species, including pets [32][33][34][35], horses [36,37], birds [38], wildlife, and arthropods (mainly ticks) [39][40][41][42], might also play a role in spreading C. burnetii.The main risk factors for human infection are dire...

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Section: Prevalencecontrasting

confidence: 81%

Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia

et al. 2019

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“…The results that we have obtained serve to confirm the effectiveness of using DBS samples for the serological detection of antibodies, whilst extending the applicability of current commercial immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Our results are in accordance with the expected seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii and parvovirus in Europe [11][12][13] . Of importance is that we were able to detect both IgG and IgA antibodies in the patient with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection using the commercially available kits.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…ELISA assay DBS eluates were subjected to the following commercial immunoassay kits: Parvovirus B19 IgG (Kit number ESR122G, Serion Diagnostic, Germany), Coxiella burnetii Phase 2 IgG (Kit number ESR1312G, Serion Diagnostics), Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA IgG and Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA IgA (Kit numbers EI 2606-9601 G and EI 2606-9601 A, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany) and the EDI™ Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 IgG ELISA kit (Kit number KT-1032, Epitope Diagnostics, San Diego, USA) to detect the presence of antibodies. Because seroprevalence is high for parvovirus 11 and low for Coxiella burnetii in Europe 12,13 , the parvovirus B19 IgG and Coxiella burnetti Phase 2 IgG ELISAs acted as positive and negative controls, respectively. All the listed commercial immunoassays in our study require a minimum of 10 µl serum sample to be diluted in a 1:100 dilution ratio with sample diluent at a final volume of 1000 µl.…”

Section: Dbs Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried blood spots are an efficient blood sampling method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

2020

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A novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2 caused an outbreak in December of 2019 which has led to pandemic. Currently several serological diagnostic assays exist for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which require the collecting of whole blood that brings about problems including the invasive nature of venepuncture, poor acceptance by patients and their storage and transportation. A more fast, efficient and less tedious method that allows mass blood sampling is necessary during a pandemic to quickly diagnose disease and obtain population serological data. Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling has been used for several decades for the accurate detection of viral specific antibodies and remains one the most convenient methods for obtaining serological data on exposed patients. Here we evaluate the use of DBS sampling on current viral serological assays including SARS-CoV-2. DBS samples were collected from six patients (five control and one positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection) and patient serum was extracted and tested blindly using commercially available antibody test kits for Coxiella burnetti, parvovirus B19 and SARS-CoV-2. The results demonstrate that antibodies recovered from DBS after elution are comparable to those found in serum, indicating that serological tests can be adapted to test DBS samples from patients using our modified protocol. Because DBS sampling is a much faster and cheaper method of sampling blood, this modification could therefore allow for potential nationwide testing for epidemiological studies.

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“…The median infectious dose (ID50) was estimated at 1.5 bacteria and indicates the high infectivity of C. burnetii via aerosols [ 9 ]. In the Netherlands, drifting particulate matter from C. burnetii positive dairy goat farms led to the world’s largest Q fever epidemic, with more than 4000 reported human cases and an estimated number of about 40,000 infected individuals [ 10 , 11 ]. Furthermore, one ‘super-spreading’ ewe infected 299 visitors at a German farmers’ market [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Coxiella burnetii Shedding in Three Naturally Infected Dairy Goat Herds after Vaccination, Focusing on Bulk Tank Milk and Dust Swabs

Bauer

Schoneberg

Herms

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Q fever outbreaks on three dairy goat farms (A–C) were monitored after the animals had been vaccinated with an inactivated Coxiella burnetii phase I vaccine. The antibody response was measured before vaccination by serum samples with two C. burnetii phase-specific ELISAs to characterize the disease status. Shedding was determined by vaginal swabs during three kidding seasons and monthly bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. Dust swabs from one windowsill of each barn and from the milking parlors were collected monthly to evaluate the indoor exposure. These samples were analyzed by qPCR. The phase-specific serology revealed an acute Q fever infection in herd A, whereas herds B and C had an ongoing and past infection, respectively. In all three herds, vaginal shedders were present during three kidding seasons. In total, 50%, 69%, and 15% of all collected BTM samples were C. burnetii positive in herds A, B, and C, respectively. Barn dust contained C. burnetii DNA in 71%, 45%, and 50% of examined swabs collected from farms A, B, and C, respectively. The largest number of C. burnetii positive samples was obtained from the milking parlor (A: 91%, B: 72%, C: 73%), indicating a high risk for humans to acquire Q fever during milking activity.

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Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies and chronic Q fever among post-mortal and living donors of tissues and cells from 2010 to 2015 in the Netherlands

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia

Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia

Dried blood spots are an efficient blood sampling method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

Surveillance of Coxiella burnetii Shedding in Three Naturally Infected Dairy Goat Herds after Vaccination, Focusing on Bulk Tank Milk and Dust Swabs

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