Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Dairy Cattle and Camel in Sudan

Hussien, Mohammed; Enan, Khalid A; Alfaki, Shima H.; Gafar, Rana A; Taha, Khalid; Hussein, Abdel Rahim M. El

doi:10.5812/iji.42945

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the study by Klemmer et al the seroprevalence in camels from Aswan governorate bordering Sudan was 67.5%. This corroborates a study in Sudan that reported a seroprevalence of 64.3% (49/76) in camels and 29.9% in cattle (214). A recent study in Egypt reported that 4.5% (5/112) of camel sera were positive for anti-C. burnetii Ig, whereas a standard quantitative PCR found an overall prevalence of 15 to 19% (374).…”

Section: Camels: Another Animal Reservoir Of C Burnetii Besides Rumisupporting

confidence: 89%

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Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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The "One Health" concept recognizes that human health is connected to animal health and to the ecosystems. Coxiella burnetii-induced human Q fever is one of the most widespread neglected zoonosis. The main animal reservoirs responsible for C. burnetii transmission to humans are domesticated ruminants, primarily goats, sheep, and cattle. Although studies are still too sparse to draw definitive conclusions, the most recent C. burnetii serosurvey studies conducted in herds and farms in Africa, North Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Asia highlighted that seroprevalence was strikingly higher in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) than in other ruminants. The C. burnetii seroprevalence in camel herds can reach more than 60% in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan, and 70 to 80% in Algeria and Chad, respectively. The highest seroprevalence was in female camels with a previous history of abortion. Moreover, C. burnetii infection was reported in ticks of the Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma impeltatum species collected on camels. Even if dromedary camels represent <3% of the domesticated ruminants in the countries of the Mediterranean basin Southern coast, these animals play a major socioeconomic role for millions of people who live in the arid zones of Africa, Middle East, and Asia. In Chad and Somalia, camels account for about 7 and 21% of domesticated ruminants, respectively. To meet the growing consumers demand of camel meat and milk (>5 million tons/year of both raw and pasteurized milk according to the Food and Agriculture Organization) sustained by a rapid increase of population (growth rate: 2.26-3.76 per year in North Africa), dromedary camel breeding tends to increase from the Maghreb to the Arabic countries. Because of possible long-term persistence of C. burnetii in camel hump adipocytes, this pathogen could represent a threat for herds and breeding farms and ultimately for public health. Because this review highlights a hyperendemia of C. burnetii in dromedary camels, a proper screening of herds and breeding farms for C. burnetii is urgently needed in countries where camel breeding is on the rise. Moreover, the risk of C. burnetii transmission from camel to human should be further evaluated.

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Section: Camels: Another Animal Reservoir Of C Burnetii Besides Rumisupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In Portugal, the frequency of exposure of ovine herds at C. burnetii seems to be increasing with possible impact on humans (212). On the African continent, a C. burnetii surveys of ovines indicated seroprevalences of 13% in Chad, 24% in Sudan, and 29% in Niger (105,213,214).…”

Section: The Main Known Reservoirs Of Coxiella Burnetii: Cattle Sheementioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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“…This prevalence is higher than the reported mean seroprevalence for C. burnetii in cattle in Africa, which currently stands at 14.0% while PCR detection was 9.0% [57]. On a similar note, a study conducted in some parts of Africa indicated different seropositivity to C. burnetii; as 29.9% was registered in dairy cattle in Sudan [62], and in Ethiopia, a seropositivity of 8.2% and 4.7% from semi-intensive and intensive management systems respectively was recorded [63]. Wardrop et al [61] reported an overall seroprevalence of 10.5% to C. burnetii in Western Kenya.…”

Section: Coxiella Burnetii Infection In Southern Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 58%

Distribution and Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Animals, Humans, and Ticks in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Muhammad,

Gadzama,

Onyiche

2023

Infectious Disease Reports

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‘Query’ (Q) fever is a neglected but emerging or re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella (C.) burnetii. Several host species are considered or speculated to be the primary reservoir hosts for human infection. In the past, several research groups in Nigeria have evaluated the prevalence of C. burnetii in various vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Currently, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the epidemiology of the pathogen in Nigeria with limited or no attention to control and prevention programs. Therefore, this review was undertaken to comprehend the current situation of C. burnetii infection in human, domestic and peri-domestic animals, and some tick species in Nigeria since 1960 with the aim to help identify future research priorities for the country. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PRISMA guidelines on five scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, AJOL, Science Direct, and Scopus for articles published from Nigeria dealing with the screening of blood, milk, or tick DNA for evidence of C. burnetii using any standard diagnostic approach. Of the 33 published articles subjected to full-text evaluation, more than 48% of the articles met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in this review. We observed different ranges of prevalence for C. burnetii antibodies from four vertebrate hosts including cattle (2.5–23.5%), sheep (3.8–12.0%), goats (3.1–10.9%), and humans (12.0–61.3%). Additionally, the use of molecular diagnostics revealed that the DNA of C. burnetii has been amplified in eight tick species including Hyalomma (Hy) dromedarii, Hy. truncatum, Hy. impeltatum, Hy. rufipes, Hy. impressum, Amblyomma (Am.) variegatum, Rhipicephalus (Rh.) evertsi evertsi, and Rh. annulatus. Two rodent’s species (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus) in Nigeria were documented to show evidence of the bacterium with the detection of the DNA of C. burnetii in these two mammals. In conclusion, this review has provided more insight on the prevalence of C. burnetii and its associated host/vector in Nigeria. Domestic animals, peri-domestic animals, and ticks species harbor C. burnetii and could be a source of human infections. Due to the paucity of studies from southern Nigeria, we recommend that research groups with interest on vector-borne diseases need to consider more epidemiological studies in the future on C. burnetii prevalence in diverse hosts to help unravel their distribution and vector potentials in Nigeria as a whole.

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“…The prevalence of C. burnetii antibodies in camels and cattle sera samples collected from nine states was investigated in a study in 2015. The overall of 29.92% prevalence of C. burnetii antibodies was obtained although an overall of 64.5% prevalence rate was observed in camels ( 80 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Review on Important Zoonotic Bacterial Tick-Borne Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Behzadi¹,

Mostafavi²,

Rohani³

et al. 2022

JAD

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Background: Zoonotic diseases as health concerns worldwide account for more than half of the emerging infectious diseases. Arachnids are powerful vectors to transmit several diseases to humans. Additionally, these emerging zoonotic diseases have been a considerable health threat in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the WHO (EMRO) due to the large population living close to farms and international trade with nearby countries. Methods: This review study is based on the reported three tick-borne diseases, Lyme disease, Tularemia, and Q fever, from Iran and other EMRO countries. To this end, we searched PubMed central, ISI web of Science, and Google with the related keywords in English at any time. The reported data are then sorted by countries for each disease. Results: According to the published data, 15 countries in the region have one/more emerging infectious diseases. Q fever has been the most frequent infection in EMRO countries, while Lyme was less recorded. Furthermore, Iran is among the countries with documented history of all three investigated diseases. Conclusion: Tick-borne disease is popular among EMRO countries, indicating that they have natural conditions for infections in animals and humans. It appears necessary to develop a disease management strategy and control programs against tick-borne diseases (TBDs). Moreover, the disease-resistant animal could be bred instead of susceptible livestock. Therefore, research studies to control TBDs should be regarded as a top priority plan.

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Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Dairy Cattle and Camel in Sudan

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

Distribution and Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Animals, Humans, and Ticks in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

A Review on Important Zoonotic Bacterial Tick-Borne Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

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