Seroprevalence of Enzootic Teschen Disease in the Wild Boar Population in Ukraine

Sytiuk, Mykola; Bezymennyy, M. V.; Halka, I. V.; Uhovskyy, Vitaliy V.; Muzykina, Larysa; Lavalley, Myles; Nychyk, S. A.; Nedosekov, V.; Howard, Megan W.; Bortz, Eric

doi:10.1089/vbz.2021.0063

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although separated by seven years, the presence of PCV2 in wild boars hunted in 2012 and in domestic pig samples from 2019 is remarkable and suggests that there is an endemic sublineage of PCV2 genotype b that spans the northeastern region of Ukraine. This region—which includes northern parts of Kyiv, Chernihiv, Sumy, Kharkiv, and Luhansk oblasts in Ukraine and spans the border with the Russian oblasts of Kursk, Belgorod, and Voronezh—harbors a considerable wild boar population that has also exhibited evidence of cross-border transmission of African swine fever [ 26 , 53 ], as well as epizootics of swine influenza [ 24 ] and porcine teschovirus-1 [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ukraine is a major pork producer and harbors both large domestic swine (commercial and backyard) and wild boar populations. These swine populations have been subjected to PCV2 infection [ 23 ] and swine influenza [ 24 ] in wild boar, and porcine teschovirus 1 [ 25 ] and ASF in both wild and domestic animals [ 26 , 27 ]. The circulation of PCV2 genotypes in swine in Ukraine is poorly understood and suffers from the sporadic nature of surveillance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Rudova

Buttler

Kovalenko

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is responsible for a number of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD) that can severely impact domestic pig herds. For a non-enveloped virus with a small genome (1.7 kb ssDNA), PCV2 is remarkably diverse, with eight genotypes (a–h). New genotypes of PCV2 can spread through the migration of wild boar, which are thought to infect domestic pigs and spread further through the domestic pig trade. Despite a large swine population, the diversity of PCV2 genotypes in Ukraine has been under-sampled, with few PCV2 genome sequences reported in the past decade. To gain a deeper understanding of PCV2 genotype diversity in Ukraine, samples of blood serum were collected from wild boars (n = 107) that were hunted in Ukraine during the November–December 2012 hunting season. We found 34/107 (31.8%) prevalence of PCV2 by diagnostic PCR. For domestic pigs, liver samples (n = 16) were collected from a commercial market near Kharkiv in 2019, of which 6 out of 16 (37%) samples were positive for PCV2. We sequenced the genotyping locus ORF2, a gene encoding the PCV2 viral capsid (Cap), for 11 wild boar and six domestic pig samples in Ukraine using an Oxford Nanopore MinION device. Of 17 samples with resolved genotypes, the PCV2 genotype b was the most common in wild boar samples (10 out of 11, 91%), while the domestic pigs were infected with genotypes b and d. We also detected genotype b/d and b/a co-infections in wild boars and domestic pigs, respectively, and for the first time in Ukraine we detected genotype f in a wild boar from Poltava. Building a maximum-likelihood phylogeny, we identified a sublineage of PCV2 genotype b infections in both wild and domestic swine, suggesting a possible epizootic cluster and an ecological interaction between wild boar and domestic pig populations in northeastern Ukraine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Rudova

Buttler

Kovalenko

et al. 2022

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ukraine is a major pork producer, and harbors both large domestic swine (commercial and backyard) and wild boar populations. These swine populations have been subjected to PCV2 infection [23] and swine influenza [24] in wild boars, and porcine teschovirus 1 [25] and ASF in both wild and domestic animals [26,27]. The circulation of PCV2 subtypes in swine in Ukraine is poorly understood and suffers from the sporadic nature of surveillance.…”

Section: Pcv2 Genome and Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of a One Health capacity-building project, focused on ASFV and swine pathogens co-circulating with ASFV in Ukraine, we developed protocols for virus and bacterial genome diagnostics and sequencing from samples obtained from domestic pigs, pork products, and hunted wild boar [23,25,26,32]. To this end, we built nanopore sequencing capacity at several research institutes in Ukraine, that included training of veterinary researchers in sequencing methods, bioinformatics, and data analysis.…”

Section: Pcv2 Genome and Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although separated by 7 years, with PCV2 from wild boar hunted in 2012 and domestic pig samples from 2019, this is remarkable and suggests there is an endemic sublineage of PCV2 subtype b that spans the northeastern region of Ukraine. This region, which includes northern parts of Kyiv, Chernihiv, Sumy, Kharkiv and Luhansk oblasts in Ukraine, and spans the border with the Russian oblasts of Kursk, Belgorod, and Voronezh, harbors a considerable wild boar population that also has exhibited evidence of cross-border transmission of African swine fever [26,53], and epizootics of swine influenza [24] and porcine teschovirus-1 [25].…”

Section: A Wild Boar Transmission Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 Subtypes in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Rudova¹,

Buttler²,

Kovalenko³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is responsible for a number of porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCAD) that can severely impact domestic pig herds. For a non-enveloped virus with a small genome (1.7 kb ssDNA), PCV2 is remarkably diverse, with 8 subtypes (a-h). New subtypes of PCV2 can spread through migration of wild boars, which are thought to infect domestic pigs and spread further through the domestic pig trade. Despite a large swine population, the diversity of PCV2 subtypes in Ukraine has been undersampled, with few PCV2 genome sequences reported in the past decade. To gain a deeper understanding of PCV2 subtype diversity in Ukraine, samples of blood serum were collected from wild boars (n = 107) that were hunted in Ukraine during the November-December 2012 hunting season. We found 34/107 (31.8%) prevalence of PCV2 by diagnostic PCR. For domestic pigs, liver samples (n = 16) were collected from a commercial market near Kharkiv in 2019, of which 6/16 (37%) were positive for PCV2. We sequenced the genotyping locus ORF2, a gene encoding the PCV2 viral capsid (Cp), for 11 wild boar and 6 domestic pig samples in Ukraine using an Oxford Nanopore MinION device. Of 17 samples with resolved subtypes, PCV2 subtype b was most common in wild boar (10/11, 91%), while domestic pigs were infected with subtypes b and d. We also detected subtype b/d and b/a co-infections in wild boar and domestic pigs, respectively, and subtype f in a wild boar from Poltava for the first time in Ukraine. Building a maximum likelihood phylogeny, we identified a sublineage of PCV2 subtype b infections in both wild and domestic swine, suggesting a possible epizootic cluster and ecological interaction in northeastern Ukraine.

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Application of PCR and PCR-Based Techniques in Veterinary Medicine

Gerilovych,

Chechet,

Kovalenko

et al. 2023

OneHealthJournal

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New tests for the detection and typing of animal pathogens have been developed for veterinary medicine. Careful systematization is required to determine the place of molecular-based tools’ applications in the existing system of epizootological and epidemiological surveillance. Today, molecular genetic tests, including PCR, are used in veterinary medicine and agriculture for the following purposes:- surveillance and diagnosis of infectious and certain invasive diseases, - typing of animal pathogens, the study of their eco-geographic features, the drift of genetic variability and evolution, - research of molecular mechanisms of the immune response and the host-pathogen interactions, - quality and safety control of agricultural products, including food and feeds, - control of the quality and safety of genetic resources of animals, - control of the circulation of pathogens in the environment, - analysis of the origin and certification of breeds of productive and non-productive animals, etc. The application of molecular genetic methods of monitoring and early diagnosis is regulated by the Manual and Code of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), the Program for the Global Control of Infectious Diseases of the World Health Organization, the guidelines on the monitoring of infectious diseases of animals and the control of the safety of agricultural products of the FAO. A large number of tests based on molecular diagnostic methods are recommended for use in infectious disease control programs, both emerging and economically significant, in the USA, Canada, and the countries of the European Union. This paper summarises the current PCR-based development scope and ways of its implementation in practical veterinary medicine.

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Seroprevalence of Enzootic Teschen Disease in the Wild Boar Population in Ukraine

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 Subtypes in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Application of PCR and PCR-Based Techniques in Veterinary Medicine

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