Seroprevalence of equine herpes virus-1 in endemic area of Egypt with risk factors assessment

Abstract

Although equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection occurs throughout the world; causing various health problems within horse population such as respiratory disease, abortion and myeloencephalopathy, there is information shortage concerning the epidemiological situation of EHVs in Egypt. This paper is the first study of EHV-1 prevalence rate in Monufia province (as a model for other pro­vinces). During 2015, two hundred and seventy serum samples from EHV non-vaccinated horses were randomly collected from 9 centres of Monufia province. The indirect ELISA was used to detect the prevalence rate of the disease while assessment of the associated risk factors was conducted using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The results showed that EHV-1 infection was widespread among horses at Monufia province (apparent prevalence rate 64% and true prevalence rate 28%) and posed risk for the health of other equines in the region. Results of risk factors identification showed that horses > 5 years of age were at significant risk of getting EHV-1 infection than < 1-year-old horses (OR: 5; P<0.02), while males were twice more prone than females of getting the EHV-1 infection (OR: 2 and P<0.03). There was a significant effect of different localities on the prevalence of EHV-1 infection. The obtained results could be extrapolated to the different districts and governorates of Egypt because of the similarity of the husbandry system of equines all over Egypt.

Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia

“…Analysis of the results obtained from EHVs cases outlines that EHV-1 is the most prevalent type detected, with an overall percentage of 62%. This correlates with other studies done in Egypt (64%) 24 and the Republic of Serbia (59.1%), 25 but relatively higher than the findings in Ethiopia (7.5%) 18 and Algeria (2%). 26 In the current study, identification of EHV-2 in 53% equids with signs of respiratory disease is relatively higher than other studies reported around the world.…”

Epidemiological Aspects of Equine Herpes Virus Infection in South Gujarat, India

“…Moreover, in urban areas people kept mostly male horses as status symbol and hobby purpose. Similarly, on contrary to present study, some studies found age as an important factor that can influence the occurrence of disease (Ata et al 2020;Hafshejani et al 2015). Standardbred and thoroughbred horses have higher susceptibility than local Arabian and Turkoman breeds (Hafshejani et al 2015).…”

“…Epidemiological Aspects of Equine Herpes Virus Infection in South Gujarat, India as an influential factor on occurrence of disease (Hafshejani et al 2015). On contrary to findings of present study, in certain studies higher sero-prevalence of EHV-1 was found in females than in males (Ata et al 2020;Senthil and Parameswaran, 2014). This might be due to unequal gender wise sample collection.…”

“…Previously, 1.64% -38.12% sero-prevalence of EHV-1 was recorded in different states of India (Anonymous, 2019). The sero-prevalence rate of EHV-1 and EHV-4 infection was reported within 8% to 85.2% across various countries of world (Ata et al 2020;Ataseven et al 2009;Avci et al 2019;Mohamed et al 2017;Singh, 1999;Yildrim et al 2015). The difference in sero-prevalence may be attributed to many factors including the difference in the epidemiology of EHV-1/4 among different horse populations, the difference in the testing methods, and the antibody titre could be under the detection limit especially in latently infected animals (Dunowska et al 2015).…”

Infectious diseases in rising riding-horse and donkey milk industry: First detection of Neospora sp. antibodies in donkeys in Turkey

“…Many studies were performed about EHV-1, 2, 4, and 5 in both healthy and unhealthy horses that different and contrary results were found. Ata et al (2020) were found the seroprevalence of EHV-1 64% in Monu a, Egypt. However, Amer et al (2011) investigate the seroprevalence of EHV-1,2,4 via polyclonal antibody pool technical ELISA and they found the seroprevalence was 36% in Arabian horses in Egypt.…”