Seroprevalence of four endemic human coronaviruses and, reactivity and neutralization capability against SARS-CoV-2 among children in the Philippines

Sayama, Yusuke; Okamoto, Michiko; Saito, Mayuko; Saito-Obata, Mariko; Tamaki, Raita; Joboco, Christine Dahlia; Lupisan, Socorro; Oshitani, Hitoshi

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29072-3

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Among the subtype of sCoVs, 229E and OC43 were the most widely distributed, with seroprevalence of 78.5% and 75.1%, respectively. These findings are comparable to another study conducted in Canada that showed the seroprevalence of 82.9% for OC43 and 82.1% for 229E ( 22 ).Considering the high prevalence of anti-sCoVs immunity in the general population,immune imprinting should be an important issue to further optimize the strategy for the mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infections ( 23 – 25 ). However, the interaction between pre-existing anti-sCoVs immunity and SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses remains elusive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of seasonal coronavirus immune imprinting on the immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination

Yin,

Han,

Lang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundPre-existing cross-reactive immunity among different coronaviruses, also termed immune imprinting, may have a comprehensive impact on subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness. Here, we aim to explore the interplay between pre-existing seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) antibodies and the humoral immunity induced by COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsWe first collected serum samples from healthy donors prior to COVID-19 pandemic and individuals who had received COVID-19 vaccination post-pandemic in China, and the levels of IgG antibodies against sCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 were detected by ELISA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test were used to compare the difference in magnitude and seropositivity rate between two groups. Then, we recruited a longitudinal cohort to collect serum samples before and after COVID-19 vaccination. The levels of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S, S1, S2 and N antigen were monitored. Association between pre-existing sCoVs antibody and COVID-19 vaccination-induced antibodies were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation.Results96.0% samples (339/353) showed the presence of IgG antibodies against at least one subtype of sCoVs. 229E and OC43 exhibited the highest seroprevalence rates at 78.5% and 72.0%, respectively, followed by NL63 (60.9%) and HKU1 (52.4%). The levels of IgG antibodies against two β coronaviruses (OC43 and HKU1) were significantly higher in these donors who had inoculated with COVID-19 vaccines compared to pre-pandemic healthy donors. However, we found that COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody levels were not significant different between two groups with high levelor low level of pre-existing sCoVs antibody among the longitudinal cohort.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of antibodies against sCoVs in Chinese population. The immune imprinting by sCoVs could be reactivated by COVID-19 vaccination, but it did not appear to be a major factor affecting the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccine. These findings will provide insights into understanding the impact of immune imprinting on subsequent multiple shots of COVID-19 vaccines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of seasonal coronavirus immune imprinting on the immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination

Yin,

Han,

Lang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…We observed high seroprevalence to the four endemic hCoVs in adolescents in the Philippines before the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting intense circulation in this population. A recent study also showed young children in Biliran, Philippines hospitalized with severe respiratory infections before the COVID-19 pandemic had high seroprevalence to all four hCoVs, indicating a high attack rate [37]. Previous studies in the USA, Germany, Hong Kong, and China have observed high seroprevalence to the hCoVs in children over age 10 (over 50%), with higher levels to OC43 and 229E, and similar levels to those observed in older adults [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

High transmission of endemic human coronaviruses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Cebu, Philippines

Joseph,

Ylade,

Daag

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background. SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is a betacoronavirus belonging to the same genus as endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) OC43 and HKU1 and is distinct from alpha hCoVs 229E and NL63. In a study of adolescents in the Philippines, we evaluated the seroprevalence to hCoVs, whether pre-pandemic hCoV immunity modulated subsequent risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and if SARS-CoV-2 infection affected the transmission of the hCoVs. Methods. From 499 samples collected in 2021 and screened by SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we randomly selected 59 SARS-CoV-2 negative and 61 positive individuals for further serological evaluation. We measured RBD and spike antibodies to the four hCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA in samples from the same participants collected pre-pandemic (2018–2019) and mid-pandemic (2021), before COVID-19 vaccination. Results. We observed over 72% seropositivity to the four hCoVs pre-pandemic. Binding antibodies increased with age to 229E and OC43, suggesting endemic circulation, while immunity was flat across ages for HKU1 and NL63. During the COVID-19 pandemic, antibody level increased significantly to the RBDs of OC43, NL63, and 229E and spikes of all four hCoVs in both SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive adolescents. Those aged 12–15 years old in 2021 had higher antibodies to RBD and spike of OC43, NL63, and 229E than adolescents the same age in 2019, further demonstrating intense transmission of the hCoVs during the pandemic. Conclusions. We observe a limited impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endemic hCoV transmission. This study provides insight into co-circulation of hCoVs and SARS-CoV-2.

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“…The endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) circulate seasonally and generally cause mild common cold like symptoms. Seroprevalence studies suggest most people have encountered one or more HCoVs in childhood by the age of 5 1 – 3 . Several studies have reported high levels of HCoV reactive antibodies in critically ill or deceased Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, suggesting a detrimental effect of HCoV cross-reactive antibodies on clinical outcomes 4 , 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ageing on homologous and human-coronavirus-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection

Zhou,

Vahokoski,

Øyen

et al. 2024

npj Vaccines

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The endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) circulate worldwide yet remain understudied and unmitigated. The observation of elevated levels of HCoV reactive antibodies in COVID-19 patients highlights the urgent necessity of better understanding of HCoV specific immunity. Here, we characterized in-depth the de novo SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses and the boosting of HCoV-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection in individuals up to 98 years old. All the vaccinees were home-dwelling with no documented SARS-CoV-2 infection before receiving the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). The first two vaccine doses elicited potent SARS-CoV-2 spike binding antibodies in individuals up to 80 years. The third dose largely boosted the previously low S2 domain binding and neutralizing antibodies in elderly 80–90 years old, but less so in those above 90 years. The endemic betacoronavirus (HKU1 and OC43) reactive antibodies were boosted in all vaccinees, although to a lesser extent in those above 80 years old. COVID-19 patients had potent elevation of alpha- and betacoronavirus (229E, NL63, HKU1 and OC43) reactive antibodies. In both patients and vaccinees, S2 domain specific antibody increases correlated with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing and HCoV-reactive antibody responses in all ages, indicating S2 domain as a candidate for future universal coronavirus vaccine design.

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Seroprevalence of four endemic human coronaviruses and, reactivity and neutralization capability against SARS-CoV-2 among children in the Philippines

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of seasonal coronavirus immune imprinting on the immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination

Effect of seasonal coronavirus immune imprinting on the immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination

High transmission of endemic human coronaviruses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Cebu, Philippines

Impact of ageing on homologous and human-coronavirus-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection

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