Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women in Anyigba, Nigeria

Omatola, Cornelius Arome; Lawal, Christiana; Omosayin, Deborah Omolara; Okolo, Martin-Luther Oseni; Adaji, David Moses; Mofolorunsho, Kehinde Charles; Bello, Kizito Emeje

doi:10.1089/vim.2018.0140

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It might be due to HBV transmitted through sexual intercourse, and when it is unprotected and is done with multiple partners, the transmission rate will be increased. Similarly, this study showed pregnant women who had abortion history are more likely to be infected with HBV which is also in line with other previous studies done in Ethiopia [11], Kenya [66], Nigeria [67], Sudan [68], and Uganda [61] in which it might be attributed by the fact that most of the common causes of abortion is unplanned pregnancy and with unprotected sexual intercourse that makes them prone to communicable disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Its Determinants among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Alemu

Zeleke

Aynalem

et al. 2020

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious and a global public health problem. The prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women is between 2.3% and 7.9%. HBV infection during pregnancy is associated with prenatal transmission to the fetus. HBV has an effective vaccine which reduces up to 96% of the transmission. Although different studies were conducted in Ethiopia, none of them showed the national prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the pooled prevalence of HBV and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for articles. All observational published studies were retrieved using relevant search terms in Google Scholar, African Online Journal, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. Newcastle-Ottawa assessment checklist for observational studies was used for critical appraisal of the included articles. The meta-analysis was done with STATA version 14 software. The I2 statistics were used to test heterogeneity whereas Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. Odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was presented using the forest plot. Results. A total of twenty-three studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HBV in Ethiopia was 4.75% (95% CI: 4.06, 5.44). The subgroup analysis showed a higher prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in Gambella (7.9%) and the lowest in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) (2.3%). Associated factors with HBV infection include history of multiple sexual partner (OR=6.02 (95%CI=3.86, 9.36)), blood transfusion history (OR=5.71 (95%CI=3.25, 10.04)), abortion history (OR=3.58 (95%CI=2.10, 6.09)), and history of body tattoo (OR=2.83 (95%CI=1.55, 5.17)). Conclusions. HBV infection among pregnant women is a common public health problem in Ethiopia. Multiple sexual partners, abortion history, blood transfusion history, and body tattoo were significantly associated with HBV infection. Policies and strategies should focus on factors identified in this study to improve the prevention of HBV among pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Its Determinants among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Alemu

Zeleke

Aynalem

et al. 2020

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…This study showed that 156 (78%) of the women screened were married, while 44(22%) were single and the prevalence rate of the three viral infections were highest among the married pregnant women. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between prevalence rate of these infections and marital status (p > 0.05), which is similar to what was reported in another study [18]. By contrast, a statistically significant relationship between marital status and HBsAg antibody seroprevalence (p < 0.05) was recorded in another study [2], but the same study reported that seroprevalence of anti-HCV and HIV antibodies and marital status are statistically independent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Also, a related study carried out to determine the seroprevalence of viral infections (HBV, HCV and HIV) and HTLV-1 among antenatal pregnant women at Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital Osogbo Southwestern Nigeria, recorded 7.1%, 2.7% and 4.9% for the prevalence rate of anti-HBsAg, ant-HCV and HIV antibodies, respectively [9]. However, a lesser prevalence rates for HBsAg and HCV antigenemia of 1.0% and 0.5% respectively, but higher prevalence rate for HIV antibodies of 8.5% were obtained after screening for the three viral infections in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Anyiba, North-central Nigeria [18]. [29] and Benue State [15], recorded 7.3%, 11.5% and 10.3% anti-HIV antibodies seroprevalence respectively, all higher than the 2.5% prevalence recorded in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Even though this study did not record HBV/HCV, HBV/HIV, HCV/HIV or HBV/HCV/HIV triple infections among antenatal pregnant women, the fight against any of these viral infections have been highly challenged by recent findings of their co-infections. To this end, different studies have recorded 0.5% for both HBV/HCV and HBV/HIV co-infections [2], 0.5% HCV/HIV co-infection [18], 1% HBV/HCV co-infection and 12.5% HCV/HIV co-infection [27]. Another study reported that 33% of HCV positive pregnant women were coinfected with HIV [30], while another recorded 0.08% HBV/HCV/HIV triple infection among antenatal pregnant women at Nigeria Institute of Medical Research Lagos, Nigeria [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses, and HIV among Antenatal Pregnant Women in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Onwe

Maduka-Okafor

Nwachukwu

et al. 2021

JAMB

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Aim: Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV infections remain major global health concerns as causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HBsAg antibody, anti-Hepatitis C and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies in antenatal pregnant women in Nsukka, Nigeria. Study Design, Area and Duration of Study: The study utilized both experimental and survey designs. Blood samples were collected from women attending antenatal clinics in two prominent hospitals in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria from April to August 2016. Methods: Blood samples from 200 pregnant women were collected into plain vacutainers and allowed to clot. The serum was separated and used to test for antibodies to the viral infections using rapid test kits with immobilized antigens following the manufacturer’s instructions. Additional information was collected using standard questionnaire. Results: From the results, 11 (5.5%), 9 (4.5%) and 5 (2.5%) women tested positive for HBsAg antibody, anti-HCV and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies, respectively. None of the patients was co-infected with HBV/HCV, HBV/HIV, HCV/HIV or triple infections with HBV/HCV/HIV. The mean age distribution was 28.2 years (Standard Deviation = 6.46). Marital status, age distribution and occupation were found to be statistically insignificant to the prevalence of HBsAg antibody, anti-HCV and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies (P > 0.05). Blood transfusion and history of previous surgeries were the risk factors for HBsAg and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies (P < 0.05), but not for anti- HCV (P> 0.05) among the study population. None of the respondents had body tattoo or admitted to have multiple sexual partners. Conclusion: There are still high seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among antenatal pregnant women in the study area. Hence, there is need for integration of hepatitis screening tests among the antenatal pregnant women in the town.

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“…Vertical transmission from mother to child is one of the major routes of Hep B infection in several countries with high prevalence of Hep B, [10–15] , making it critical to test pregnant women for Hep B. The prevalence of Hep B among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in Nigeria ranges from 3.5% to 14.1% [8, 16–21]. However, this reflects women who receive care in hospital ANCs, and the 2017 African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC) study estimated that less than half (4.6 million) of all pregnant women (9.2 million) in Nigeria receive care at ANCs annually [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B infection and risk factors among pregnant women and their male partners in the Baby Shower Programme in Nigeria: a cross‐sectional study

Talla

Itanyi

Tsuyuki

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objectives To determine the population prevalence and determinants of hepatitis B (Hep B) status, and status discordance, among pregnant women and their male partners in Nigeria. Methods Cross‐sectional study assessing the seroprevalence of Hep B virus in a cohort of 16 920 pregnant women and their male partners in northcentral Nigeria. Rapid HBsAg antibody test was used for Hep B diagnosis. Demographic, socio‐economic and behavioural information was collected through interviewer‐administered questionnaires and evaluated as determinants of Hep B status and couple status discordance using logistic regression. Results Of 16 920 participants who had a Hep B test result, 6750 couples and 1316 discordant couples were identified. The prevalence of Hep B among all participants was 10.9%, with lower prevalence among pregnant women (10.2%) than their male partners (11.9%), P < 0.001. The prevalence of Hep B sero‐discordance among couples was 19.5% (1316/6750). Younger age, prior Hep B testing and a prior positive Hep B test increased the odds of Hep B infection while being a woman decreased the odds of Hep B among all participants, and among couples. Furthermore, polygamy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.87), prior Hep B testing (AOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.14–4.97) and a prior positive Hep B test result were significant determinants of status discordance among the participating couples. Conclusion The prevalence of Hep B among pregnant women and their male partners in northcentral Nigeria is high. A large‐scale intervention is required to reduce Hep B prevalence in this setting.

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Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women in Anyigba, Nigeria

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Its Determinants among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Its Determinants among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses, and HIV among Antenatal Pregnant Women in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Hepatitis B infection and risk factors among pregnant women and their male partners in the Baby Shower Programme in Nigeria: a cross‐sectional study

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