Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Among Healthcare Workers in Asia and Africa and Its Association With Their Knowledge and Awareness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maamor, Nur Hasnah; Muhamad, Nor Asiah; Dali, Nor Soleha Mohd; Mutalip, Mohd Hatta Abdul; Leman, Fatin Norhasny; Aris, Tahir; Lai, Nai Ming; Hassan, Muhammad Radzi Abu

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.859350

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Saharan Africa up to 2020 (6.81%; 95% CI 5.67-7.95) [23] and is above the prevalence found in the meta-analysis that included Asian countries, 4.0% (95% CI: 0.01-0.07) [24]. In Mozambique, although there are no national data for HBV prevalence, the HBsAg prevalence (4.7%) found in this study is similar to those recently found in Beira City among blood donors approved for donation (4.5%) [25] and in Maputo City (southern Mozambique) among pregnant women (4.0%).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 61%

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and immunity status among healthcare workers in Beira City, Mozambique

et al. 2022

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Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be prevented by vaccination. Exposure to blood or body fluids poses a high risk of transmission of HBV in health care workers (HCWs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of markers of exposure, susceptibility, and protection to HBV infection in HCWs in Beira, Mozambique. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2020 in Beira City, Mozambique, in HCWs based on self-administered questionnaires and blood samples. Plasma samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and HBV viral load (HBV DNA). Results Most of the 315 HCWs in the study were nurses (125; 39.7%). Of the HCWs, 5.1% (16; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.9 to 8.1%) were infected by HBV (HBsAg and/or HBV DNA positive). Occult HBV infection (OBI) (HBV DNA positive and HBsAg negative) was found in 0.3% (1; 95% CI: 0.0 to 1.8%) of participants; 27.9% (88; 95% CI: 23.1 to 33.2%) were susceptible (negative for all markers), 6.3% (20; 95% CI: 3.9 to 9.6) were immune due to natural infection (anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive only), while 60% (189; 95% CI: 54.4 to 65.5) were immune due to vaccination (anti-HBs positive only). Conclusion This study showed a high intermediate prevalence of chronic hepatitis B among healthcare workers in Beira City, Central Mozambique, and one-third of healthcare workers were susceptible to HBV infection. There is a need to implement a national hepatitis B screening and vaccination strategy among healthcare workers in Mozambique.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 61%

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and immunity status among healthcare workers in Beira City, Mozambique

et al. 2022

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“…Thus, Western Pacific region and sub-Saharan region account for more than 75% of the worlds chronic HBsAg carries [ 1 , 7 ]. The high prevalence of HBV in Africa, including Ghana, can be attributed to poverty and a lack of understanding about the disease [ 8 ]. Previous study by Agyemang and colleagues shows 12.3% prevalence rate of the HBV infection, as detected by HBsAg seropositivity making it one of the highest globally [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Testing of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Vaccination Awareness among University Students in Kumasi, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abban,

Owusu,

Kwakye-Abebrese

et al. 2024

Scientifica

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Background. Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and major global health problem, affecting millions of people globally. Whilst college or university students could serve as a positive vehicle that may aid in the propagation of education in the communities, there is currently paucity of data on knowledge of HBV and vaccination awareness among university students in Ghana. This study therefore assessed knowledge on hepatitis B virus infection, testing, and vaccination awareness among science and non-science students in Ghana. Method. This cross-sectional study included 386 students from the Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana, from February to June 2022. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on knowledge, testing, HBV vaccination status, and sociodemographic characteristics of participants. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS Version 26.0 and GraphPad prism version 8.0. A Chi-square test statistic and logistics regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with study variables among study participants. p value of <0.05 and 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. Results. About half (51.5%) of the participants had adequate knowledge on hepatitis B infection with 22.3% demonstrating poor knowledge on hepatitis B infection. A little more than average (51.6%) previously tested for hepatitis B (HBV) whilst 32.9% were highly aware of hepatitis B vaccination and 33.9% were not aware of hepatitis B vaccination. This study found that ethnicity of students (p=0.0020), family history of hepatitis B infection (p=0.0160), and academic cumulative weighted average (CWA) (p=0.0020) were significantly associated with knowledge about hepatitis B infection. Also, students reading science-related programs had more than twice the odds (aOR = 2.56, 95% CI (1.03–5.08), p=0.0210) of having tested for HBV infections before compared to students who read non-science programs. Furthermore, sex (p<0.0001), family history of HBV vaccination (p=0.0260), CWA (p=0.0060), and the program of students (p=0.0020) were significantly associated with awareness of HBV vaccination. Conclusion. Knowledge of HBV infection among university students is satisfactory but awareness of HBV vaccination and testing is poor. There is a need to enhance educational interventions to improve the general knowledge of HBV infection, testing, and vaccination in Ghana especially among non-science students.

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“…Hepatitis B viral infection is of public health concern (1,5).The prevalence of chronic infections was estimated to be at 296 million individuals in 2019, with an annual incidence of 1.5 million new infections (6,7). Amongst these cases, it was observed that 68% resided in Africa and Western Pacific Asia (8,9). Moreover, it has been reported that a significant proportion, ranging from 5% to 15% of individuals residing in underdeveloped nations and countries with low income are persistently infected with the hepatitis B virus (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Hepatitis B Viral infection among pregnant women in Greater Monrovia, Liberia

Kohar,

Adu,

Addo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: The global prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection is estimated to affect over 2 billion individuals, with a notable proportion ranging from 6% to 25% residing in the Sub-Saharan African region. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone has been estimated to be approximately 2%. However, current understanding of the actual risk factors associated with HBV in the Greater Monrovia remains unclear. Consequently, this study aimed to identify the factors associated with hepatitis B Viral infection among pregnant women residing in Greater Monrovia, Liberia. Methods: An unmatched case control study of 141 cases of HBV infected pregnant women and 141 controls was conducted. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle activities and medical related risk factors were collected for both groups with a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses established associations between the HBV infection and risk factors studied. Results: In all, 141 cases of HBV infected pregnant women and 141 controls participated in this study. The mean age of cases was 35.6 years (SD ±9.5) and 36.1 years (SD ±8.4) for controls. Low-income level <100 dollars [aOR 13.0 (4.48-37.82, p<0.001)], employment [aOR 0.04 (0.09-0.18) p<0.001], STI history [aOR 5.19 (1.68-16.02, p=0.004)] and living with a HBV infected person [aOR 35.11 (4.24-58.90), p=0.001] were factors associated with HBV infection among pregnant women in Greater Monrovia. Conclusion: The risk factors of HBV infection among pregnant women in Greater Monrovia were engagement in formal employment, low-income level, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and residing with an individual infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Control efforts by designated state institutions should include advocacy and awareness creation on HBV status identification, safe sex, and vaccination of uninfected individuals.

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Among Healthcare Workers in Asia and Africa and Its Association With Their Knowledge and Awareness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and immunity status among healthcare workers in Beira City, Mozambique

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and immunity status among healthcare workers in Beira City, Mozambique

Knowledge and Testing of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Vaccination Awareness among University Students in Kumasi, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Determinants of Hepatitis B Viral infection among pregnant women in Greater Monrovia, Liberia

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