Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers Using Respondent-Driven Sampling in Hawassa City, Ethiopia

Daka, Deresse; Hailemeskel, Getahun; Fenta, Demissie Assegu

doi:10.2147/idr.s332333

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Our findings, along with findings of those of other studies carried out in Mekele, 31 Hawassa, 46 and Brazil, support the idea that inconsistent condom usage during sexual activity increases the risk of contracting STIs. 44 “Sexualized drug use” is the term for the use of drugs with the goal of increasing sexual encounters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…HBV infection rates were 13.1% in Dessie town, Ethiopia. 3 In Hawassa town, 9.2% of the FSWs had HBV, according to Daka et al 5 HBV prevalence was observed to be 12.6% among FSWs in Central Uganda. 27 According to earlier studies carried out in Bangui, the Central African Republic, 11.9% of FSWs tested positive for HBsAg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“… 3 Female sex workers (FSWs) are thought to be at high risk of STI acquisition and transmission due to their sexual behaviors, work, and economic factors. 4 , 5 It is not only that, still, as they are usually in an unfortunate position to negotiate safe sex because of social, economic, cultural, and legal factors, they can transmit STIs to the public through their clients. 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of some STIs among FSWs in Ethiopia was reported as 0.6% for HCV infection, 3 12.5% for Syphilis, 3 and 6% to 13.1% for HBV infection. 3 , 5 , 19 The lack of access to regular screening of STIs among FSWs contributes a lot to the disease’s transmission in resource-limited countries, including Ethiopia. 20 Furthermore, age, income, inconsistent condom use, contaminated sharp and piercing materials, condom breakages, use of stimulant drugs, and lack of training on STIs are some of the main factors found in different kinds of literature for STI transmission among FSWs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 20 Furthermore, age, income, inconsistent condom use, contaminated sharp and piercing materials, condom breakages, use of stimulant drugs, and lack of training on STIs are some of the main factors found in different kinds of literature for STI transmission among FSWs. 5 , 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Syphilis and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Wondmagegn¹,

Wondimeneh²,

Getaneh³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem worldwide. Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV), hepatitis C virus infection (HCV), and syphilis are among the STIs. Female sex workers (FSWs) continue to be a high-risk group for STIs due to a variety of factors, including exposure to unsafe sexual practices. Therefore, this study determines the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, Treponema palladium , and associated factors among FSWs in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 FSWs from March to June 2021 in Gondar town. Socio-demographic and behavioral data were collected using a questionnaire. Five milliliters (5mL) of venous blood was collected and tested for hepatitis B surface antigens, anti-hepatitis C antibodies, and anti-syphilis antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression, univariate, and multivariate analyses were carried out. A p-value of < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 194 FSWs were included in the study. The seroprevalence rates of HBV infection, HCV infection, and syphilis were 23 (11.9%), 13 (6.7%), and 22 (11.3%), respectively. All three infections were statistically associated with inconsistent condom use (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.95–5.07, p = 0.03); (AOR = 10.51, 95% CI: 1.62–68.26, p = 0.014); and (AOR = 17.3, 95% CI: 4.55–65.6, p = 0.001). Whereas sex stimulant drug use (AOR = 9.4, 95% CI: 1.002–88.14), intravenous drug use (AOR = 15.53, 95% CI: 1.9–127.99, p=0.011), and sex while having a vaginal ulcer (AOR = 5.72, 95% CI: 1.13–28.9, p=0.035) were all statistically associated with HCV infection. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection, HCV infection, and syphilis was comparatively higher. Regular screening, health education, and other preventative strategies are advised to lower the STI burden among FSWs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Syphilis and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Wondmagegn¹,

Wondimeneh²,

Getaneh³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B and C virus infections among female Sex workers in Ethiopia: Results of the national biobehavioral Survey, 2020

Bedassa

Ebo

Ayalew

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundHepatitis B and C virus infections are endemic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, the region with the highest prevalence of these infections in the world. Female sex workers are exposed to sexually transmitted infections, including hepatitis B and C, because of their high-risk sexual behavior and limited access to health services. There is no data on national prevalence estimate on hepatitis B and C virus infections among female sex workers in Ethiopia, a critical gap in information this study aimed to fill.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, biobehavioral, national study conducted from December 2019 - April 2020 among 6085 commercial female sex workers aged ≥15 years and residing in sixteen (n=16) regional capital cities and selected towns of Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected for hepatitis B and C virus serological testing from the participants. The data were collected using an open data kits (ODK) software and imported into STATA version16 for analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and proportions) were used to summarize data on the study variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the strength of association between independent variables (risk factors) and the outcome (hepatitis B and C virus infection). Adjusted Odd ratio (AOR) was used to determine independent associations, 95% confidence interval to assess precision of the estimates, and a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among the 6085 female sex workers was 2.6% [(95% CI (2.2,2.8)] and 0.5% [(95% CI (0.4,0.7)], respectively. Female sex workers who had 61-90 and ≥91 paying clients in the past six months [(AOR=1.66; 95% CI, (0.99, 2.79); P=0.054] and [(AOR=1.66 95% CI, (1.11, 2.49); P=0.013], respectively, age at first sex selling of 20-24 and >25 years [(AOR=1.67; 95% CI, (1.14, 2.44); P=0.009)] and [(AOR=1.56; 95% CI (1.004, 2.43); P=0.048)], respectively, known HIV positive status [(AOR=1.64; 95% CI (1.03, 2.62); P=0.036] were significantly associated with the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. Similarly, hepatitis C was significantly associated with, age at first sex ≤15 years and age 16-20 years [(AOR=0.21; 95%CI (0.07,0.61); P=0.005)] and [(AOR=0.18; 95% CI (0.061, 0.53); P=0.002)], respectively, known HIV positive status [(AOR=2.85; 95%CI (1.10,7.37); P=0.031)] and testing positive for syphilis [(AOR=4.38; 95% CI (1.73,11.11); P=0.002)], respectively.ConclusionThis analysis reveals an intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B and a low prevalence of hepatitis C infection among female sex workers in Ethiopia. It also suggests that population groups with like female sex workers are highly vulnerable to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other sexually transmitted infections. There is a need for strengthening treatment and prevention interventions, including immunization services.

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Disparities in hepatitis B virus healthcare service access among marginalised poor populations: a mixed-method systematic review

Li,

Thapa,

et al. 2024

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background Marginalised poor populations, characterised by poverty and social exclusion, suffer disproportionately from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and encounter substantial disparities in access to healthcare. This has further exacerbated the global HBV burden and precluded progress towards HBV elimination. This mixed-method systematic review aimed to synthesise their utilisation and influencing factors in HBV healthcare services, including screening, vaccination, treatment, and linkage-to-care. Methods Eleven databases were searched from their inception to May 4, 2023. Quantitative and qualitative studies examining the factors influencing HBV healthcare access among marginalised poor populations were included. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesise the pooled rates of HBV healthcare utilisation. The factors influencing utilisation were integrated and visualised using a health disparity research framework. Results Twenty-one studies were included involving 13,171 marginalised poor individuals: sex workers, rural migrant workers, irregular immigrants, homeless adults, and underprivileged individuals. Their utilisation of HBV healthcare ranged from 1.5% to 27.5%. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled rate of at least one dose of the HBV vaccine barely reached 37% (95% confidence interval: 0.26‒0.49). Fifty-one influencing factors were identified, with sociocultural factors (n = 19) being the most frequently reported, followed by behavioural (n = 14) and healthcare system factors (n = 11). Socio-cultural barriers included immigration status, prison history, illegal work, and HBV discrimination. Behavioural domain factors, including previous testing for sexually transmitted diseases, residential drug treatment, and problem-solving coping, facilitated HBV healthcare access, whereas hostility coping exerted negative influences. Healthcare system facilitators comprised HBV health literacy, beliefs, and physician recommendations, whereas barriers included service inaccessibility and insurance inadequacies. The biological and physical/built environments were the least studied domains, highlighting that geographical mobility, shelter capacity, and access to humanitarian health centres affect HBV healthcare for marginalised poor populations. Conclusions Marginalised poor populations encounter substantial disparities in accessing HBV healthcare, highlighting the need for a synergistic management approach, including deploying health education initiatives to debunk HBV misperceptions, developing integrated HBV management systems for continuous tracking, conducting tailored community outreach programmes, and establishing a human rights-based policy framework to guarantee the unfettered access of marginalised poor populations to essential HBV services.

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers Using Respondent-Driven Sampling in Hawassa City, Ethiopia

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Syphilis and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Syphilis and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B and C virus infections among female Sex workers in Ethiopia: Results of the national biobehavioral Survey, 2020

Disparities in hepatitis B virus healthcare service access among marginalised poor populations: a mixed-method systematic review

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