Seroprevalence of hepatitis E in pigs and wild boars in the region of the city Belgrade

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis E is considered an emerging human viral disease with many evidences of zoonotic nature of disease, and swine are the main reservoir of HEV. The aim of this study was to determine HEV seroprevalence in commercial pig farms, backyard pigs, slaughtered pigs and wild boars in the region of the city Belgrade.
 Methodology: A total of 405 sera samples: 150 samples from 3 commercial pig farms, 70 samples from backyard pigs, 119 samples from slaughtered pigs and 66 samples from wild boars of the region of the city Belgrade, Serbia were analysed by commercial ELISA test.
 Results: The overall HEV seroprevalence in 3 commercial pig farms was 55.33% (83/150). All tested farms (farm A, B and C) were positive on the presence of anti-HEV antibodies, respectively 58% (29/50), 54% (27/50) and 54% (27/50). From 70 tested backyard pigs, 75.71% (53/70) were tested seropositive. In total, 26 backyard pig holidngs were confirmed as positive to anti-HEV antibodies (81.25%). At slaughterhouse, 25% (8/32) weaned piglets and 20.69% (18/87) fattening pigs were tested positive on anti-HEV antibodies. Overall HEV seroprevalence in tested wild boar population was 52.25% (36/66).
 Conclusions: Detected very high seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies indicated an active circulation of HEV, being enzootic in the swine population, and wild boars, as well, in the region of the city Belgrade.

Hepatitis E Virus in the Wild Boar Population: What Is the Real Zoonotic Risk in Portugal?

“…As for serological analysis, values found in Portugal in this study (27.6%) coincide with the range that is usually reported in Europe. Values ranging between 11.5% in Germany [ 40 ], 52.25% in Serbia [ 41 ], and 57.6% in Spain [ 42 ] were presented. However, our study shows a higher seropositivity than another Portuguese study that reports a seroprevalence of 14% in 2018, but in a smaller sample (4 seropositive in 29 samples) than ours [ 43 ].…”

A systematic review and meta-analysis of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in wild boars

“…Nevertheless, if compared with the raw data reported, inconsistent prevalences were found in two of the articles: Kureljušić et al (2020) and Rutjes et al (2010). We kept the information retrieved from the raw data and contacted the authors by email to confirm that inconsistencies detected were due to typing mistakes.…”

“…We kept the information retrieved from the raw data and contacted the authors by email to confirm that inconsistencies detected were due to typing mistakes. We received a reply only from Kureljušić et al (2020).…”

Presence of porcine cytomegalovirus, a porcine roseolovirus, in wild boars in Italy and Germany

“…Wild boars can serve as reservoirs for a number of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are transmissible to humans and domestic animals through direct interaction with the animals, through contaminated food, or indirectly through contamination in the environment [ 23 , 24 ]. Numerous viruses have been detected in European wild boars, such as porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in Italy [ 25 , 26 ], Ukraine [ 27 ], and Portugal [ 28 ], porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) in Germany [ 29 ], Spain [ 30 ], Italy [ 25 , 26 , 31 ], and Austria [ 32 ], HEV-3 in Spain [ 33 , 34 ], Germany [ 35 , 36 ], Italy [ 37 – 39 ], Poland [ 40 , 41 ], Bulgaria [ 42 ], and Serbia [ 43 ], porcine lymphotropic herpes viruses 1, 2, and 3 (PLHV-1, -2, -3) in Austria [ 32 ], porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) in Italy [ 44 ], and suid herpes virus 1 (SuHV-1 or pseudorabies virus, PrV) in Italy [ 45 ], Slovenia [ 46 ], Switzerland [ 47 ], and Germany [ 48 , 49 ].…”