Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Abstract

A source of comprehensive information on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) can help researchers and policymakers address HSV related burden in the society. At the moment, this is not readily available. This study aims to fill this gap by attempting to estimate the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in Nigeria on the basis of published data. A systematic review and meta-analysis including cross-sectional studies on HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Nigeria was conducted. Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, African Journals Online (AJOL), ScienceDirect, WHO-Afro Library, WHO-IRIS and African Index Medicus were searched for English Language publications on HSV-1 and HSV-2. Seven relevant publications were identified. Seroprevalence measures of 3 and 23 for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, were extracted. The pooled mean seroprevalences for HSV-1 and HSV-2 were 74.0% (37.4-99.4%) and 63.4% (56.1-70.4%) respectively. The mean seroprevalence of HSV-1 was higher among females, 82.4% (n = 509, CI, 36.6-100.0%), than males, 54.5% (n = 198, CI, 47.6-61.4%). The mean seroprevalence of HSV-2 were 51.8% (n = 1414, CI: 39.4-64.0%) and 86.5% (n = 162, CI: 80.8-91.3%) among healthy and clinical populations, respectively. The study was limited by the paucity of quality studies, variations in diagnostic methods and high heterogeneity in seroprevalence estimates. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 remain high in Nigeria. Large and representative national epidemiological surveys covering all regions and specific groups are recommended.

Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Vaccine Development

“…There are two types of Herpes simplex viruses, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). These viruses cause lifelong infections that are among the most common viral infections worldwide [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. As part of the global effort to control the infections caused by these viruses, many vaccines have been developed [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]; however, to date, none has been licensed for use in humans.…”

The Effect of HSV-1 Seropositivity on the Course of Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Condition of Newborns

“…According to the latest data (2016-2019), overall serological prevalence rates in different countries vary from 54.5-96.4% for HSV-1 and 16.8-26.9% for HSV-2 [20][21][22]. Despite the fact that considerable attention is paid to the increase in the incidence of neonatal HSV-2 infection due to a more severe prognosis for newborns [23,24], up to 30% of HSV infections occur with HSV-1, which also suggests the social significance of the problem [25].…”

Research Progress on the Antiviral Activity of Glycyrrhizin and its Derivatives in Liquorice

“…More than 90% adults have been infected with at least one or more types of herpes viruses, and the viruses usually establish a latent infection ( Chayavichitsilp et al, 2009 ). Some herpes viruses lead to lifelong infections, which are common worldwide ( Bradley et al, 2014 ; Okonko and Cookey, 2015 ; Reward et al, 2019 ).…”