Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and <i>Toxocara</i> spp. infections among pregnant women with and without previous abortions in the west of Iran

Raissi, Driss; Taghipour, Ali; Navi, Zahra; Etemadi, Soudabeh; Sohrabi, Zahra; Ibrahim, Asmaa; Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim; Shamsaei, Sina; Karami, Maryam Fasihi; Raiesi, Omid

doi:10.1111/jog.14184

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The funnel graphic utilized for assessment of publication bias showed asymmetry among some studies, probably due to bigger size of effects and lower sample size (Figure 9). Baujat plots showed that three studies (31)(32)(33) add substantially to the heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. However, these studies do not have a large impact on the overall results and were kept in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Meta-analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baujat plots showed that three studies ( 31 – 33 ) add substantially to the heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. However, these studies do not have a large impact on the overall results and were kept in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these studies do not have a large impact on the overall results and were kept in the meta-analysis. One study was considered a potential source of publication bias, standing out as a point to the right in the funnel chart ( 31 ). However, it was found that this study has a substantially high odds ratio estimate compared to the others, more due to the low proportion of seropositive individuals in the control group than to a small study size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dog and Cat Contact as Risk Factor for Human Toxocariasis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Merigueti

Giuffrida

Silva

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Toxocariasis, a neglected parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution, has been reportedly associated to different risk factors in several epidemiological and meta-analysis studies. However, dog and cat contact (environmental and animal exposure) as isolated associated risk factor for children and adults remains to be fully established. Accordingly, the present meta-analysis has aimed to directly assess dog and cat contact for toxocariasis seropositivity in under-18 and adult persons, using a survey strategy of PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus and Scielo Databases, from January 2009 to December 2021. A meta-analysis model of random effects was applied to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). The statistical heterogeneity was evaluated by the Cochran Q-Test and I2 values. A total of 41 transversal studies (n = 20.515 individuals) from different geographic regions (classified by the World Health Organization) were included herein. In overall, 1,882/13,496 (13.95%; 95% IC = 13.4–14.5) youngers and 513/7.019 (7.3%; 95% CI = 6.7–7.9) adults in contact with dogs or cats were serologically reagent for anti-Toxocara antibodies. Association of dog and cat contact was observed only in youngers, with both dogs (OR = 1.53; p < 0.0001) and cats (OR = 1.64; p = 0.0001). In addition, association of dog and contact and serology was statistically significant in populations of Americas (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.1–1.7), Middle East (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.6–5.1) and West Pacific (OR = 1.6; 95% IC = 1.3–1.9). In conclusion, contact with dogs and cats, particularly by younger individuals and in regions such as Americas, Middle East, and West Pacific, should be always a public health concern for toxocariasis. Moreover, dogs and cats should be periodically dewormed, washed and hair cleaned prior to contact with youngers. Finally, robust statistical results herein may serve as basis for future strategies and preventive measures for safer dog and cat contact.

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Section: Meta-analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dog and Cat Contact as Risk Factor for Human Toxocariasis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Merigueti

Giuffrida

Silva

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Human toxoplasmosis occurs mostly via the intake of undercooked or raw meat products infected with tissue cysts [ 8 ], or by ingestion of soil, water, or vegetables infected with sporulated oocysts [ 9 ]. Moreover, T. gondii can be passed through transplacental transmission, blood transfusions, and organ transplantation [ 10 – 12 ]. T. gondii infection is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, but the parasite may induce neurological and ocular disorders in fetuses and immunocompromised patients [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-molecular survey on Toxoplasma gondii infection among drug addicted and non-addicted individuals: a case–control study

et al. 2022

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Background Up to now, epidemiological studies on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among drug addicted individuals have been rarely performed. By designing an age and sex matched case–control study, we sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors with T. gondii infection in these population using serological and molecular techniques. Methods One hundred and thirty-seven drug addicted individuals and 141 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Informed consent as well as a standard questionnaire were obtained from all subjects participating. Blood samples were collected from each participant and the serum was screened for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG and IgM). PCR assay was performed using the primer pair targeting the RE and GRA6 genes of T. gondii. Then, PCR products were sequenced to determine genotype. Results The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection based on IgG titer was 34.3% in case and 9.9% in the control groups, revealing a statistically significant difference (OR = 4.37; 95% CI = 2.46–9.12; P = 0.001). After analyzing the variables studied through the questionnaire, age was the only significantly factor associated with the anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in case group. Considering PCR assays with RE genomic target, the prevalence of T. gondii infection was 5.1% in the case and 3.5% in control groups which the difference was no statistically significant (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.45–4.73; P = 0.521). Subsequently, all sequenced samples were genotype #1 using the GRA6 genomic target. Conclusions T. gondii exposure is relatively high among drug addicted individuals in Iran, and there is a need for health policymakers and researchers to establish enlightenment and prevention programs for these population at risk of infection.

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“…Ruminant calves toxocariasis is initiated via trans-placental and transmammary routes and characterized by loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea that leads to morbidity and high mortality rate, and results into serious economic losses (Rast et al 2013). Toxocara vitulorum also infects man, likely via cow milk, leading to serious clinical entities, such as visceral and ocular larval migrans, and neurotoxicariasis (Abdel-Rahman and El-Menyawe 2015; Ma et al 2018;Meliou et al 2020;Raissi et al 2020Raissi et al , 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin Impact on Ex Vivo Toxocara vitulorum Adult Worms and Eggs

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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Conventional drug treatment expels adult worms from the intestinal tract but does not prevent reinfection and further contamination of the environment with eggs. This study was performed as the start of a program aiming to develop curcumin (CUR) as a lead drug for human and animal ascariasis. Ex vivo adult Toxocara vitulorum and eggs were exposed at 37°C for 4hr to different concentrations of CUR (0-500μM) in Roswell Memorial Park Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium supplemented with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The results showed that CUR slightly impaired the viability and mobility of approximately 30% of worms in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy revealed changes in cuticles throughout the length of the roundworms exposed to high CUR concentrations. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay failed to reveal CUR effects on specific antibody binding to the roundworm surface membrane molecules. To mimic the in vivo situation, after incubation, eggs were washed, suspended in 0.1N sulphuric acids, and examined for development and maturation 4, 7, 11, and 18 days later. Eggs produced from CUR-exposed females showed an even more remarkable delay and impairment in development in comparison to eggs, which were directly exposed to CUR. A significant increase in the number of dead eggs and prevention of maturation to the infective stage were observed in a CUR dose and time-dependent manner. These results encourage investigations of CUR impact on human and animal ascarids of public health and economic importance.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. infections among pregnant women with and without previous abortions in the west of Iran

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Dog and Cat Contact as Risk Factor for Human Toxocariasis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dog and Cat Contact as Risk Factor for Human Toxocariasis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sero-molecular survey on Toxoplasma gondii infection among drug addicted and non-addicted individuals: a case–control study

Curcumin Impact on Ex Vivo Toxocara vitulorum Adult Worms and Eggs

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