Seroprevalence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in domestic dogs from southern Chile and risk factors associated with different environments

Azócar-Aedo, Lucía; Monti, Gustavo

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105707

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In relation to the serogroup distribution, even though only half of the sequences had that information, strains of Icterohaemorrhagiae were by far the major agent of canine infection. In contrast, many serosurveys studies carried out in Latin America frequently reported the presence of strains of Canicola, Autumnalis, and Pomona besides Icterohaemorrhagiae [29,[35][36][37][38], and their real role in canine leptospirosis remains to be elucidated. On the other hand, the number of sequences recognized as the Canicola serogroup was surprisingly low since dogs are known to be the maintenance host of this serogroup [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Molecular Epidemiology of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. Infecting Dogs in Latin America

Azevedo

Aymée

Borges

et al. 2023

Animals

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Canine leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Infections can vary from asymptomatic and chronic infections to clinical acute diseases. The disease is endemic in tropical areas, such as Latin American countries, but a broad understanding of the dynamics of circulation of strains, based on molecular data, has not yet been performed. Based on in silico analyses, the present study aims to analyze the genetic diversity and circulation patterns of haplotypes from pathogenic leptospires infecting dogs in Latin America. DNA sequences were obtained from GenBank platform, curated, and aligned. Genetic distances were calculated, and a maximum likelihood tree and haplotype network were constructed. According to the inclusion criteria adopted, a total of 148 sequences were identified. Most of the records were from Brazil, including sequences from L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. Phylogenetic analysis showed a genetically closely related cluster, consisting of a larger haplogroup that includes the reference strain Fiocruz L1-130, known to be the major circulating strain in humans. Moreover, no genetic variations were observed according to clinical history and/or geographical localization. We described the molecular epidemiology of leptospires circulating among dogs in Latin America and demonstrated a very genetically homogeneous group, elucidating its ubiquitous circulation pattern and drawing attention to the important role of dogs in the One Health transmission dynamics of leptospirosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A serosurvey in Colombia found Autumnalis and Canicola as the most prevalent serovars [35]. Still, seroprevalence studies in Chile reported the presence of Canicola, Pomona, and Autumnalis in both urban and rural areas [36,37]. Isolates were recovered from urine (n = 6), blood (n = 1), and fetus (n = 1) in Argentina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular Epidemiology of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. Infecting Dogs in Latin America

Azevedo

Aymée

Borges

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Regarding the number of studies, those carried out on domestic canines and equines stand out because of their number and updates. In dogs, eight studies were retrieved [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ], which were published between the years 1975 and 2022, mostly in southern Chile, in the Araucanía, Los Ríos, and Los Lagos regions. The seroprevalences varied from 59.1% [ 63 ] to 12.0% [ 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dogs, eight studies were retrieved [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ], which were published between the years 1975 and 2022, mostly in southern Chile, in the Araucanía, Los Ríos, and Los Lagos regions. The seroprevalences varied from 59.1% [ 63 ] to 12.0% [ 70 ]. Only one study used immunofluorescence, resulting in a prevalence of 5.5% [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Aspects and Epidemiological Studies on Leptospirosis Carried Out in Animals in Chile: A Bibliographic Review

Azócar-Aedo

2023

TropicalMed

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Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. This disease affects numerous animal species, some of them are classified as “maintenance hosts”, and others are categorized as “incidental hosts”. Humans are at risk of becoming infected by having contact with domestic and wild animals. In this paper, general aspects of the etiology and transmission of leptospirosis are addressed, data regarding the clinical presentation of the pathology in humans and animals are also presented, and the results of some epidemiological studies on leptospirosis carried out in Chile in different animal species and humans are summarized through a bibliographic review of the literature. The research on domestic canines and horses stands out in terms of their number in the country, with prevalences between 12.0% and 59.1% in dogs and from 23.3% to 65.4% in equids. Studies have been performed on domestic felines in recent years with frequencies ranging from 3.0% to 25.2%, as well as on wild animals (mainly in mammals). In pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats, the information is scarce, with little updated research dating back several decades and variable prevalence rates, which are generally high, except for in sheep. Leptospirosis is a disease of varied etiology in terms of infecting species, serovars and serogroups, which influences its epidemiology, and its prevalence is variable in different animals. An increase in the awareness given to this pathology in human and veterinary public health is required, as well as more scientific studies in Chile, to update the existing knowledge.

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“…Southern Chile has properties that allow the presentation and permanence of leptospires in the hosts and environment, including the presence of wild animals that are potential reservoirs, the existence of domestic animals that are in contact with wild fauna, and the abundance of wetlands and watercourses [9]. The first study of leptospirosis in wild animals in Chile was conducted in 1938, where negative results were obtained, presumably because of the use of only one serovar as an antigen in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Antibodies for Pathogenic Leptospira in Wild Mammals and Birds from Southern Chile—First Record of Seropositivity in a Guiña (Leopardus guigna)

Balcázar,

Azócar-Aedo,

Barrera

et al. 2024

Animals

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Leptospirosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that is present in different animal species. This epidemiological study determined the seroprevalence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in animals at a wildlife rehabilitation center in Puerto Montt, southern Chile, by sampling 60 animals belonging to three classes (birds, mammals, and reptiles). Diagnosis was performed using the microscopic agglutination test with a panel of eight serovars and serogroups. The results showed that 15 animals had anti-Leptospira antibodies, obtaining a seroprevalence of 25.00%, with Leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup Tarassovi presenting reactivity in 13 of the seropositive animals. Among the classes of mammals, chilla foxes (Lycalopex griseus) and pudus (Pudu puda) were seropositive. A guiña (Leopardus guigna) was also seropositive, which was described for the first time in mammals. Among the classes of birds, choroy parrots (Enicognathus leptorhynchus), bandurrias (Theristicus melanopis), and Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) were seropositive. Routine examinations to diagnose leptospirosis, perform epidemiological surveillance, and apply prevention and control measures are necessary, and additional research focusing on the One Health approach to explore the epidemiological role of different wild animal species in the maintenance and transmission of leptospirosis at the local and global levels are recommended.

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Seroprevalence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in domestic dogs from southern Chile and risk factors associated with different environments

Cited by 6 publications

References 60 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. Infecting Dogs in Latin America

Molecular Epidemiology of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. Infecting Dogs in Latin America

Basic Aspects and Epidemiological Studies on Leptospirosis Carried Out in Animals in Chile: A Bibliographic Review

Detection of Antibodies for Pathogenic Leptospira in Wild Mammals and Birds from Southern Chile—First Record of Seropositivity in a Guiña (Leopardus guigna)

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