Seroprevalence of Seven Reproductive Diseases in Beef and Dairy Cows from Three Provinces in Indonesia

Abstract

Bovine reproductive diseases are endemic in Indonesia, but comprehensive information about their infectious causes is not available. Therefore, our aim for this study was to detect several infectious agents that cause reproductive diseases in Indonesian beef and dairy cows. A total of 152 cow serum samples collected by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Brawijaya University and Veterinary Disease Investigation Centre as a part of the mandatory and regularly surveillance system from three provinces during 2019–2020 were used. The samples were then sent to Indonesian Research Centre for Veterinary Science (IRCVS) for further detection of seven reproductive diseases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seven reproductive diseases to be tested in parallel are neosporosis, chlamydiosis, brucellosis, Q fever, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and BHV-4 infection. The dominant reproductive diseases in Indonesian cows were BVD (45.69%), chlamydiosis (31.58%), IBR (20.53%), neosporosis (11.84%), and BHV-4 infection (10.53%). The seroprevalence of IBR, BHV-4 infection, neosporosis, and brucellosis varied significantly P < 0.05 between dairy and beef cattle. The most dominant reproductive diseases in aborted cows were chlamydiosis (45%), BVD (41%), and neosporosis (10%). The conclusion drawn from this study is that the dominant reproductive diseases in Indonesian cows are BVD, chlamydiosis, IBR, neosporosis, and BHV-4 infection. Chlamydiosis, BVD, and neosporosis are common among aborted cow. Chlamydiosis, neosporosis, and BHV-4 infection should be included in the national priority list in Indonesia. Control and preventive measures should be focused on high-risk areas and animals like stray cat and dog.

The Epidemiology and Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in Tropical Indonesian Cattle

“…Provinces in Java are endemic areas, as many studies confirmed seroconversion and antigen detection [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Seroconversion to BVDV was also detected in cattle in Southern Papua, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara Barat, Bali and Lampung [62,64,65]. Seroconversion of BVDV was detectable in an outbreak of cattle diarrhoea in West and South Kalimantan in 1989 [32,33].…”

“…The study in Java that revealed a PI prevalence of 6% in dairy cows with low reproductive performance [49] also indicated that the level of transient infection from PIs to other naive cows could have been high and caused reproductive problems. Several other bovine reproductive diseases are endemic in Indonesian cattle, including Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, trichomoniasis, leptospirosis, bovine brucellosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis and theileriosis [65,[69][70][71]. Coinfections with BVDV and other reproductive pathogens in cattle were also reported [65].…”

“…Several other bovine reproductive diseases are endemic in Indonesian cattle, including Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, trichomoniasis, leptospirosis, bovine brucellosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis and theileriosis [65,[69][70][71]. Coinfections with BVDV and other reproductive pathogens in cattle were also reported [65]. These indicate that BVDV may have contributed to the lower reproductive performance of cows in Indonesia along with others of the abovementioned pathogens.…”

“…A study in Luzon, the Philippines, in 2007 reported that 47.1% (n = 17) of aborting cows were RT-PCR-positive for BVDV. A survey in Timor-Leste in 1992 reported a BVDV seroprevalence of 9.3% (n = 108) [65]. BVDV was also reported to infect buffaloes in SEA.…”

Molecular detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ovaries and a Mummified Foetus of three cows with Historical Reproductive Problems in Northern Veracruz, Mexico

“…Reproductive diseases represent the main cause of economic losses in dairy and beef cattle (Bos taurus) production [19]. Abortions and stillbirths in productive animals are estimated to represent an approximated cost between USD 500 and 900 per case [3,11].…”