Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among one-hampered camels (Camelus dromedarius) in AL Butana plain, Sudan

Abstract

Sudan is the second largest camel populated country in the world. Samples were collected at Great Butana (part of five states) from four sites: two camel markets: Tamboul and Wadnimir (Gezira state) and two Small-scale livestock production (semi-intensive management): Showak (Gadarif state), Girba (Kasala state). Six hundred camels of different breed, gender and age were examined during the three seasons to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis. Hematological method by latex agglutination test was used to examine the venous blood samples. The overall prevalence [180 infected animals (30%)] was higher in the two camels' market additionally, high prevalence was reported in old animals group. Seasonality has no significant variation however, higher prevalence incidence was in autumn. Gender's effect reported high prevalence in females than males. It could be concluded that such results can aid in updating such disease epidemiology. However, further studies are required for better and continual evaluation of such disease occurrence and management.

Sero-Epidemiological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep and Goats in Dammam City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

“…Animals are raised under an extensive system, in which animals are reared in herds/flocks and kept grazing natural pastures, raised under an intensive farming system for production of fattened lambs/kids, or reared under semi-intensive farms. [9,10]. In the former semi-intensive farming system, small ruminants (sheep and/or goats) are reared with large ruminants (cattle and/or buffalo) together with domestic poultry [11].…”

“…Infection with T. gondii in humans looked like flu fatigue, while immune depressed patients especially (AIDs patients) are most vulnerable to infection complicated to headache, encephalitis, convulsions, drowsiness and blindness. Females infected with T. gondii during pregnancy develop spontaneous abortion or give child suffer from hydrocephalus, mental retardation, blindness and deafness[10,26]. Based on the recommendation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.A. (https://www.…”