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Background and Aim: Paratuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease that induces chronic enteritis in ruminants. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In this study, we evaluated the presence of MAP using bacteriological, molecular, and anatomopathological studies, based on the clinical suspicion of PTB in a zoo, in an area housing 10 scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), five giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), and three blue wildebeests (Connochaetes taurinus). Materials and Methods: From November 2016 to June 2017, fecal samples were collected from individuals of the three species on four occasions, resulting in a total of 56 fecal samples. In addition, five small intestine samples were collected from the necropsies of three adult scimitar-horned oryx females and two oryx calves. MAP identification was performed through isolation in Herrold's medium with egg yolk, mycobactin, and sodium pyruvate, Ziehl–Neelsen staining, IS900 polymerase chain reaction (IS900 PCR), and anatomopathological examination of intestine samples. Results: Diffuse granulomatous enteritis with abundant acid-fast bacilli was found in two out of five intestine samples from adult scimitar-horned oryx females. MAP was isolated in 7/56 (12.5%) of the fecal samples from four scimitar-horned oryx, one giraffe, and two wildebeest samples. Two out of 5 (40%) samples obtained from scimitar-horned oryx tested positive. IS900 PCR yielded five positive samples (two fecal samples and three small intestine samples). MAP isolates were classified as Type C (Cattle) using type-specific PCR. Conclusion: These results demonstrated the presence of MAP in the area evaluated and indicated the importance of both sampling live animals and conducting postmortem examinations. The use of bacteriological and histopathological diagnostic techniques demonstrated in this study will provide insight into the health status and prevalence of paratuberculosis in wild ruminants under human care.
Background and Aim: Paratuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease that induces chronic enteritis in ruminants. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In this study, we evaluated the presence of MAP using bacteriological, molecular, and anatomopathological studies, based on the clinical suspicion of PTB in a zoo, in an area housing 10 scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), five giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), and three blue wildebeests (Connochaetes taurinus). Materials and Methods: From November 2016 to June 2017, fecal samples were collected from individuals of the three species on four occasions, resulting in a total of 56 fecal samples. In addition, five small intestine samples were collected from the necropsies of three adult scimitar-horned oryx females and two oryx calves. MAP identification was performed through isolation in Herrold's medium with egg yolk, mycobactin, and sodium pyruvate, Ziehl–Neelsen staining, IS900 polymerase chain reaction (IS900 PCR), and anatomopathological examination of intestine samples. Results: Diffuse granulomatous enteritis with abundant acid-fast bacilli was found in two out of five intestine samples from adult scimitar-horned oryx females. MAP was isolated in 7/56 (12.5%) of the fecal samples from four scimitar-horned oryx, one giraffe, and two wildebeest samples. Two out of 5 (40%) samples obtained from scimitar-horned oryx tested positive. IS900 PCR yielded five positive samples (two fecal samples and three small intestine samples). MAP isolates were classified as Type C (Cattle) using type-specific PCR. Conclusion: These results demonstrated the presence of MAP in the area evaluated and indicated the importance of both sampling live animals and conducting postmortem examinations. The use of bacteriological and histopathological diagnostic techniques demonstrated in this study will provide insight into the health status and prevalence of paratuberculosis in wild ruminants under human care.
La verminosis gastroentérica de los pequeños rumiantes, como la de otras especies de animales productivos, repercute notablemente en la salud y el desarrollo pecuario. Con el objetivo de determinar las parasitosis gastrointestinales diagnosticadas en ovinos durante el periodo 2018 al 2021 del Estado de México se obtuvieron y analizaron los reportes de muestras del área de parasitología (resultados emitidos de diagnóstico por flotación) del CIESA. Para el análisis de registros, valoración de casos y su clasificación se consideró: número de caso, número de animales en la unidad de producción, procedencia y tipo de unidad de producción. Para el reporte de resultados se utilizó estadística descriptiva. La procedencia de las muestras fue de varias áreas productoras de ovinos. Para el año 2018 el número de muestras fue de 63, para el 2019 fueron 49, en el 2020 diez, y cuatro para el 2021, dando un total de 126 muestras. Las razas correspondieron a: Suffolk, Hamshiere, Dorper, Kathadin e híbridos. En el análisis coproparasitoscópico se encontró: 5 muestras negativas; con una parasitosis leve 67; con una parasitosis moderada 33, y 21 con una parasitosis severa. De las parasitosis gastroentéricas se encontró una positividad del 96.03 %, y por especie de nematodos gastroentéricos se encontró: Chabertia 91 (72,72 %); Cooperia 28 (22,22 %); Haemonchus 25 (19.84 %); Nematodirus 8 (6,34 %), y a Trichostrongylus spp 4 muestras (3,17 %). Otras parasitosis observadas, fueron: Eimeria spp con 84,92 %; Moniezia spp 22,22 %; 17,46 % a Dictyocaulus, y 13,49 % a Trichuris. Por lo tanto, en el manejo sanitario de los rebaños se requiere un mejor control parasitario y aplicar medidas de control alternativas por la aparición de parásitos resistentes a los antihelmínticos.
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