Serosurvey for Antibody to Deerpox Virus in Five Cervid Species in Oregon, USA

Jin, Ling; McKay, Alison; Green, Richard; Xu, L.; Bildfell, Rob

doi:10.7589/2011-12-353

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The limited morbidity rate registered, are probably due to the origin of the cases collected during passive surveillance. A higher prevalence of PPV and PV infected animals can be supported by serological data that showed high antibody prevalence toward another epitheliotropic virus (DPV), indicating that the exposure to theses pathogens is common but the virulence is low with a consequent low rate of disease in Odocoileus populations (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The first genome sequence of Mule Deerpoxvirus (MDPV), from a farmed white-tailed deer fawn in Florida, has been recently published by Sayler et al (8). A sero-survey, performed in Oregon, indicated that the exposure to DPV is common in Odocoileus populations leading to speculate that the high antibody prevalence and the low rate of observed DPV-related disease may suggest a low virulence of these pathogens (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park

et al. 2020

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The mountain chain of the Alps, represents the habitat of alpine fauna where the red deer (Cervus elaphus) population is the outmost numerous, followed by the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and the alpine ibex (Capra ibex) at higher altitudes. Previous reports showed the circulation of epitheliotropic viruses, belonging to the families Papillomaviridae and Poxviridae, causing skin and mucosal lesions in wild ruminants of the Stelvio National Park, situated in the area. To deepen our knowledge on the natural dynamics of the infections, a passive surveillance on all the cases of proliferative skin and mucosal lesions in wild ruminants was performed. Twenty-seven samples (11 chamois, 10 red deer and 6 ibex) collected from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed by negative staining electron microscopy, histology, and PCR followed by genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Results confirmed the spread of Parapoxvirus of Red Deer in New Zealand (PVNZ) in Italy, and its ability to cause severe lesions i.e., erosions and ulcers in the mouth. We showed for the first time a PVNZ/CePV1v (C. elaphus papillomavirus 1 variant) co-infection identified in one red deer. This result supports previous evidence on the ability of papillomavirus and parapoxvirus to mutually infect the same host tissue. Interestingly two ibex and one chamois showing orf virus (OV) skin lesions were shown to be co-infected with bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2. The presence of bovine papillomavirus, in orf virus induced lesions of chamois and ibex raises the question of its pathogenetic role in these animal species. For the first time, OV/CePV1v co-infection was demonstrated in another chamois. CePV1v is sporadically reported in red deer throughout Europe and is considered species specific, its identification in a chamois suggests its ability of cross-infecting different animal species. Poxviruses and papillomavirus have been simultaneously detected also in the skin lesions of cattle, bird and human suggesting a possible advantageous interaction between these viruses. Taken together, our findings add further information on the epidemiology and pathogenetic role of epitheliotropic viruses in wild ruminants living in the central Alps and in Stelvio National Park.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park

et al. 2020

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“…In a recent serosurvey of five cervid species in Oregon, USA, a high prevalence of DPV antibodies was detected in three species from the genus Odocoileus ,whereas none were detected in two elk species ( Cervus spp. ) (Jin et al, 2013). Only two genera were examined in this study, however, the absence of DPV antibodies in the elk species suggests this virus has a restricted host range.…”

Section: Deerpox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poxviruses and the evolution of host range and virulence

Haller¹,

Chen²,

McFadden³

et al. 2014

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

251

267

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Poxviruses as a group can infect a large number of animals. However, at the level of individual viruses, even closely related poxviruses display highly diverse host ranges and virulence. For example, variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is human-specific and highly virulent only to humans, whereas related cowpox viruses naturally infect a broad spectrum of animals and only cause relatively mild disease in humans. The successful replication of poxviruses depends on their effective manipulation of the host antiviral responses, at the cellular-, tissue- and species-specific levels, which constitutes a molecular basis for differences in poxvirus host range and virulence. A number of poxvirus genes have been identified that possess host range function in experimental settings, and many of these host range genes target specific antiviral host pathways. Herein, we review the biology of poxviruses with a focus on host range, zoonotic infections, virulence, genomics and host range genes as well as the current knowledge about the function of poxvirus host range factors and how their interaction with the host innate immune system contributes to poxvirus host range and virulence. We further discuss the evolution of host range and virulence in poxviruses as well as host switches and potential poxvirus threats for human and animal health.

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“…A number of these granulocytes were actively phagocytizing cellular debris with a myriad of mature virions or free mature virions (Figs. 13,14). In contrast to subacute lesions, large numbers of virions were present only in necrotic dry epidermal cells within the crust of chronic lesions.…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…and no detectable antibody in elk (Cervus elaphus). 13 There are 2 pathogenic DPV strains, W-848-83 (W83) and W-1170-84 (W84), whose genomes are 166 and 170 kbp, respectively. The DPV genomes encode several genes that may be involved in regulation of immune responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular and Biological Characterization of a Cervidpoxvirus Isolated From Moose with Necrotizing Dermatitis

et al. 2020

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Cervidpoxvirus is one of the more recently designated genera within the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, with Deerpox virus (DPV) as the only recognized species to date. In this study, the authors describe spontaneous disease and infection in the North American moose ( Alces americanus) by a novel Cervidpoxvirus, here named Moosepox virus (MPV). Three 4-month-old moose calves developed a multifocal subacute-to-chronic, necrotizing, suppurative-to-granulomatous dermatitis that affected the face and the extremities. Ultrastructurally, all stages of MPV morphogenesis—that is, crescents, spherical immature particles, mature particles, and enveloped mature virus—were observed in skin tissue. In vitro infection with MPV confirmed that its morphogenesis was similar to that of the prototype vaccinia virus. The entire coding region, including 170 putative genes of this MPV, was sequenced and annotated. The sequence length was 164,258 bp with 98.5% nucleotide identity with DPV (strain W-1170-84) based on the whole genome. The genome of the study virus was distinct from that of the reference strain (W-1170-84) in certain genes, including the CD30-like protein (83.9% nucleotide, 81.6% amino acid), the endothelin precursor (73.2% nucleotide including some indels, 51.4% amino acid), and major histocompatibility class (MHC) class I–like protein (81.0% nucleotide, 68.2% amino acid). This study provides biological characterization of a new Cervidpoxvirus attained through in vivo and in vitro ultrastructural analyses. It also demonstrates the importance of whole-genome sequencing in the molecular characterization of poxviruses identified in taxonomically related hosts.

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Serosurvey for Antibody to Deerpox Virus in Five Cervid Species in Oregon, USA

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park

Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park

Poxviruses and the evolution of host range and virulence

Molecular and Biological Characterization of a Cervidpoxvirus Isolated From Moose with Necrotizing Dermatitis

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