Serosurvey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in livestock, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Iran, 2017

Abstract

Background & objectives: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis with up to 50% mortality rate in humans. In addition to the role of animals in the transmission of the virus and spread of infected ticks through livestock trade, they can be employed as sentinel hosts for monitoring the infection. Iran is one of the endemic counties for CCHF and the disease has been documented in all provinces. However, in some provinces such as Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, the rate of the disease has been dramatically low. Therefore, this serosurvey was designed to investigate CCHF virus (CCHFV) seroprevalence among livestock in different parts of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Methods: This study was conducted in 2017, in which, blood samples were collected from 501 sheep and goats from eight different cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. CCHFV IgG antibodies were detected in livestock serum samples by specific ELISA assays for detection of ovine and caprine antibodies. Results: In total, four sheep serum of out of 501 (0.8%) livestock samples (3 from Gachsaran and 1 from Dena) had CCHFV IgG antibodies. No significant association was found between CCHFV seropositivity and sex or age of animals (P>0.05). Interpretation & conclusion: Our findings suggest a minor CCHFV circulation in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. However, due to the notion that outbreaks of tick-borne infections is hard to predict; steady and comprehensive monitoring programs especially in ticks and animals would be critical for understanding the circulation on the pathogen in a region.

Geographical distribution and pathogenesis of ticks and tick-borne viral diseases

“…In a study, four sheep (three from Gachsaran and one from Dena regions) reported positive for CCHFV IgG, indicating virus circulation in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. This finding suggests comprehensive monitoring programs to understand the CCHFV’s circulation in ticks and host animals ( Ghasemian et al, 2021 ). In 1998, 19 confirmed CCHF cases were reported in northeastern Afghanistan, making them the country’s first documented cases.…”