Serosurvey of zoo ungulates in central Europe

Probst, Carolina; Speck, Stephanie; Hofer, Heribert

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.2010.00117.x

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1 a , green area). Moreover, serum samples from zoo animals that had been collected between 1992 and 2007 for a serosurvey in central European zoos [16] were analysed. They originated from 11 zoological gardens in Germany (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tularaemia seroprevalence of captured and wild animals in Germany: the fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a biological indicator

Kuehn

Schulze²,

Kutzer³

et al. 2012

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYA total of 2475 animals from Germany, both captive and wild, were tested for antibodies againstFrancisella tularensisto obtain more knowledge about the presence of this pathogen in Germany. An indirect and a competitive ELISA served as screening methods, positive and inconclusive samples were confirmed by Western blot. Of the zoo animals sampled between 1992 and 2007 (n = 1122), three (0·3%) were seropositive. The seroconversion of a hippopotamus in Berlin Zoo was documented. From 1353 serum samples of wild foxes (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and wild boars (Sus scrofa), collected between 2005 and 2009 in the federal state of Brandenburg (surrounding Berlin), a total of 101 (7·5%) tested positive for antibodies toF. tularensislipopolysaccharide. Our results indicate a higher seroprevalence ofF.tularensisin wildlife in eastern Germany than commonly assumed. Furthermore, we found foxes and raccoon dogs to be biological indicators for tularaemia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tularaemia seroprevalence of captured and wild animals in Germany: the fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a biological indicator

Kuehn

Schulze²,

Kutzer³

et al. 2012

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…A similar 2011 study of 163 animals, composed of 39 Cameroon sheep ( Ovis ammon aries ), 11 Barbary sheep, ( Ammotragus lervia ), 57 pygmy goats ( Capra hircus ), nine Angora goats ( Capra hircus ), 21 mountain goats ( Capra aegagrus-aegagrus ), seven llamas ( Lama glama ), eight Persian goitred gazelle ( Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa ), seven Caspian red deer ( Cervus elaphus maral ), two fallow deer ( Dama dama ), and two camels ( Camelus dromedarius ) in two Turkish zoos showed negative serum antibodies to BVDV (Yeşilbag et al, 2011 ). A third 2011 study of archived and fresh samples from eight different European zoos utilizing cell culture and antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) evaluations demonstrated detection of BVDV antibodies in 23.3% (21/90) of the animals evaluated (Probst et al, 2011 ). Because PI individuals occur due to failure of the immune system to respond appropriately to infection by BVDV, serology has its place for survey of populations, but also has substantial shortcomings in identifying all infected individuals in a closed herd in an attempt to eradicate the virus.…”

Section: Control Of Bvdv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Zoos: A Perspective from the Veterinary Team

Kottwitz

Ortiz

2016

Front. Microbiol.

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The many different species in close proximity make zoological collections a unique environment for disease transmission. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is of special concern with zoos due to the numerous exotic ruminant species that this virus can infect. BVDV occurs as both a non-cytopathic and a cytopathic strain both of which are capable of infecting exotic ruminants. The cytopathic strain causes mucosal disease (MD) and death. Infection with the non-cytopathic strain may produce persistently infected (PI) animals. PI individuals may show vague clinical signs, including abortion. Management of BVDV in zoos should focus on identification of PI individuals and prevention of infection of other animals of the collection. Variability makes serological testing as the sole method of screening for BVDV infection undesirable in exotic ruminants. Combination testing provides a definitive answer, especially in sensitive wildlife. Use of a combination of antigen-capture ELISA (ACE) with haired skin, Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR) on whole blood, and antibody detection via serum neutralization has the greatest potential to identify PI animals. An animal that is positive on both ACE and RT-PCR, but is negative on serology should be considered highly suspicious of being a PI, and should be isolated and undergo repeat testing 4–6 weeks later to confirm positive status. This testing methodology also allows screening of pregnant and newborn animals. Isolation or culling may need to be considered in animals determined to be positive via combination testing. These decisions should only be made after careful consideration and evaluation, especially with endangered species.

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“…Hence, MAC infection in zoo animals may be of significant relevance in terms of animal welfare and conservation efforts. Indeed, paratuberculosis outbreaks and systematic surveys for infection and disease have been reported for several zoos [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Some of these studies have included investigations in nonruminant species [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Serological Footprints of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Infections in Zoo Animals

Roller

Hansen

Böhlken-Fascher

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Background: Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pose a significant risk to zoological collections. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a member of MAC and the causative agent of Johne’s disease. Despite many reports in animals kept in zoological gardens, systemic surveillance has rarely been reported. Methods: In this study, archived serum samples collected from animal species at the Wilhelma Zoological and Botanical Gardens in Stuttgart, Germany, were screened for the presence of antibodies against MAC and MAP. In addition, molecular investigations were performed on necropsy, fecal, and environmental samples. Results: In total, 30/381 serum samples of various mammalian species were positive for MAC antibodies in ELISA, while one sample of a reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) was positive in MAP-specific ELISA. Samples from many species were positive in pan-Mycobacterium real-time PCR (40/43 fecal samples, 27/43 environmental samples, and 31/90 necropsy samples). Surprisingly, no sample was positive in the MAP-specific molecular assays. However, two environmental samples from primate enclosures were positive in Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH)-specific real-time PCR. Conclusions: The results reveal serological indications of MAC infections in the zoological collection. However, the presence of a MAP-contaminated environment by a high-shedding individual animal or MAP-infected population is unlikely.

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Serosurvey of zoo ungulates in central Europe

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Tularaemia seroprevalence of captured and wild animals in Germany: the fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a biological indicator

Tularaemia seroprevalence of captured and wild animals in Germany: the fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a biological indicator

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Zoos: A Perspective from the Veterinary Team

Molecular and Serological Footprints of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Infections in Zoo Animals

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