Serotonin and hypothalamic control of hunger: a review

Feijó, Fernanda de Matos; Bertoluci, Marcello Casaccia; Reis, Cíntia

doi:10.1016/s0104-4230(11)70020-3

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…29 As a vital monoamine neurotransmitter in the brain, 5-HT is mainly involved in adjusting emotion, body temperature, food intake, cognition, sleep, and other functions. [30][31][32] The levels of 5-HT and its receptor have been reported to be decreased in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of suicide patients with depression; moreover, a positive correlation of decreased 5-HT levels with symptom severity has been reported. 33 DA is not only a catecholamine transmitter but also the most critical transmitter in the reward system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Gut Microbiota Regulates Depression-Like Behavior in Rats Through the Neuroendocrine-Immune-Mitochondrial Pathway</p>

Liu¹,

Guo²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

NDT

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Purpose: Gut microbiota affects various physiological functions in the host and has crucial effects on the nervous system. There is increasing evidence of a correlation between gut microbiota and depression; however, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of depression-like behavior by gut microbiota remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the regulatory mechanism of gut microbiota on depression-like behavior in rats. Methods: We transplanted fecal microbiota obtained from patients with depression and healthy individuals into germ-free (GF) rats (n=18) through fecal microbiota transplantation technology. Next, we assessed the affective behavior in the rats using the forced swimming test and a sucrose preference test. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the hippocampal levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NE) and the serum levels of corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-1 (IL-4), and interleukin-1 (IL-10). The mitochondrial morphology of small intestinal epithelial cells was observed through transmission electron microscopy. Results: Rats that received fecal microbiota from patients with depression (depression microbiota) exhibited depression-like behavior. They presented decreased levels of hippocampal neurotransmitters, serum CORT levels, and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, as well as increased ACTH, CRH, and serum levels of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. Observation of the mitochondria ultrastructure showed damaged mitochondria in the intestinal epithelial cells, significant endoplasmic reticulum expansion, and border aggregation of nuclear chromatin. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the depression-like behaviors induced by the depression microbiota through the neuroendocrine-immune-mitochondrial pathway, which were associated with neuroendocrine disorders, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Gut Microbiota Regulates Depression-Like Behavior in Rats Through the Neuroendocrine-Immune-Mitochondrial Pathway</p>

Liu¹,

Guo²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

NDT

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“…When the level of 5-HT is increased, it is known to induce a feeling of satiety and reduced appetite [104][105][106]. There are reports confirming that plasma 5-HT levels are elevated in cancer patients [107][108][109] and in the small intestine of animals [110,111] after cisplatin treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, although Kim et al [47] and Song et al [48] showed a change in 5-HT 3A receptor mRNA expression in the mouse brain and small intestine after cisplatin treatment, ondansetron failed to increase food consumption, suggesting that modulating the activity of 5-HT 3A receptors may not be effective for the treatment of anorexia. When the level of 5-HT is increased, it is known to induce a feeling of satiety and reduced appetite [104][105][106]. There are reports confirming that plasma 5-HT levels are elevated in cancer patients [107][108][109] and in the small intestine of animals [110,111] after cisplatin treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect and Mechanism of Herbal Medicines on Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia

Min

Kim

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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Cisplatin is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancers; however, it can also induce anorexia, which results in reduced food intake, loss of body weight, and lower quality of life. Although drugs such as megestrol acetate and cyproheptadine are used to decrease this severe feeding disorder, they can also induce side effects, such as diarrhea and somnolence, which limit their widespread use. Various types of herbal medicines have long been used to prevent and treat numerous gastrointestinal tract diseases; however, to date, no study has been conducted to analyze and summarize their effects on cisplatin-induced anorexia. In this paper, we analyze 12 animal studies that used either a single herbal medicine extract or mixtures thereof to decrease cisplatin-induced anorexia. Among the herbal medicines, Ginseng Radix was the most used, as it was included in seven studies, whereas both Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Angelicae Gigantis Radix were used in four studies. As for the mechanisms of action, the roles of serotonin and its receptors, cytokines, white blood cells, ghrelin, and leptin were investigated. Based on these results, we suggest that herbal medicines could be considered a useful treatment method for cisplatin-induced anorexia.

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“…Nonetheless, serotonergic neurotransmission might be considered as one of the most relevant hypophagic mechanisms [ 31 ]. The involvement of the serotonergic system with the food intake control is mainly related to the activation of 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C receptors that respectively inhibits NPY/AgRP signaling and stimulates the POMC pathway [ 32 ]. Indeed, the marked hypophagic action promoted by the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been reported to be related to the hypothalamic stimulation of POMC/CART expression [ 33 ], depicting the relationship between both pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Dose of Ginkgo biloba Extract Induces Gene Expression of Hypothalamic Anorexigenic Effectors in Male Rats

et al. 2021

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Previous studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) reduces food intake and body mass gain and regulates proteins related to lipid metabolism in obese rats. In ovariectomized rats, GbE restored the hippocampal and hypothalamic serotonergic system activity, favoring the spontaneous feeding decrement. Considering the promising hypophagic effect of GbE, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a single acute dose on hypothalamic pathways that regulate feeding behavior in male rats. Four-month-old Wistar male rats received either a single acute oral GbE dose (500 mg/kg) or vehicle. Food intake and body mass were measured after 1, 4, 12, and 24 h. Rats were euthanized, and hypothalami were removed for mRNA quantification of anorexigenic (POMC/CART) and orexigenic (AgRP/NPY) neuropeptides, leptin/serotonin receptors (5HT1A, 5HT1B, 5HT2C), and serotonin transporters. We also investigated POMC, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT2C protein levels. A single acute GbE dose induced the hypothalamic POMC, CART, and 5-HT2C gene expression but failed to modify orexigenic effectors. No alterations in food intake, body mass, and hypothalamic protein levels were observed. In summary, the present findings demonstrate the rapid stimulation of pivotal hypothalamic anorexigenic pathways in response to a single GbE administration, reinforcing the GbE hypophagic activity. However, more studies are necessary to evaluate its potential as an appetite modulator.

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Serotonin and hypothalamic control of hunger: a review

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

<p>Gut Microbiota Regulates Depression-Like Behavior in Rats Through the Neuroendocrine-Immune-Mitochondrial Pathway</p>

<p>Gut Microbiota Regulates Depression-Like Behavior in Rats Through the Neuroendocrine-Immune-Mitochondrial Pathway</p>

Effect and Mechanism of Herbal Medicines on Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia

A Single Dose of Ginkgo biloba Extract Induces Gene Expression of Hypothalamic Anorexigenic Effectors in Male Rats

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