Serotonin involvement in the metamorphosis of the hydroid Eudendrium racemosum

Zega, Giuliana; Pennati, Roberta; Fanzago, Arianna; Bernardi, Fiorenza De

doi:10.1387/ijdb.062195gz

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the most widespread signaling molecules of metazoans [66-68] and probably even of single-celled eukaryotes, where it can modulate swimming behavior and growth [69]. Dopamine (DA), a neurochemical molecule belonging to the catecholamines, has been identified in most metazoan phyla and hence represents another ancient neurotransmitter [70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neurochemical map of the developing amphioxus nervous system

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAmphioxus, representing the most basal group of living chordates, is the best available proxy for the last invertebrate ancestor of the chordates. Although the central nervous system (CNS) of amphioxus comprises only about 20,000 neurons (as compared to billions in vertebrates), the developmental genetics and neuroanatomy of amphioxus are strikingly vertebrate-like. In the present study, we mapped the distribution of amphioxus CNS cells producing distinctive neurochemicals. To this end, we cloned genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes and/or transporters of the most common neurotransmitters and assayed their developmental expression in the embryo and early larva.ResultsBy single and double in situ hybridization experiments, we identified glutamatergic, GABAergic/glycinergic, serotonergic and cholinergic neurons in developing amphioxus. In addition to characterizing the distribution of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the developing amphioxus CNS, we observed that cholinergic and GABAergic/glycinergic neurons are segmentally arranged in the hindbrain, whereas serotonergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons are restricted to specific regions of the cerebral vesicle and the hindbrain. We were further able to identify discrete groups of GABAergic and glutamatergic interneurons and cholinergic motoneurons at the level of the primary motor center (PMC), the major integrative center of sensory and motor stimuli of the amphioxus nerve cord.ConclusionsIn this study, we assessed neuronal differentiation in the developing amphioxus nervous system and compiled the first neurochemical map of the amphioxus CNS. This map is a first step towards a full characterization of the neurotransmitter signature of previously described nerve cell types in the amphioxus CNS, such as motoneurons and interneurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neurochemical map of the developing amphioxus nervous system

et al. 2012

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“…Sensory cells situated in the pyriform organ would be better candidates for reception of settlement cues. Induction of metamorphosis as well as modulation of ciliary beat by serotonin has been found in several other marine larvae (Couper and Leise 1996;McCauley 1997;Zega et al 2005Zega et al , 2007. Only in a few cases speciWc receptor structures for chemical settlement inducers could be identiWed, e.g.…”

Section: Functional Aspects Of Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic and FMRFamidergic nervous systems in gymnolaemate bryozoan larvae

Gruhl

2009

Zoomorphology

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A growing body of data from nervous systems of marine invertebrate larvae provides an ideal background for comparisons among higher taxa. The currently available data from Bryozoa, however, do not allow for a consistent hypothesis of an ancestral state for this taxon, which would be necessary for phylogenetic inferences. The larval nervous systems of the four gymnolaemate species Flustrellidra hispida, Bugula fulva, Alcyonidium gelatinosum, and Bowerbankia gracilis are examined by means of antibody staining against the neurotransmitters serotonin and FMRFamide, as well as against acetylated -tubulin. Despite considerable variation, a comparison reveals a common pattern of the distribution of serotonin. The neurotransmitter is found in at least two cells in the apical organ as well as in paired axial and lateral nerves emerging from a central nerve nodule. A ring nerve is present below the corona and at least two serotonergic cells are found between the corona cells. Serotonergic coronal cells might represent unique bryozoan features, whereas the remaining elements show resemblance to the situation found in most spiralian taxa. The data do not provide support for a closer relationship of Bryozoa to Phoronida or Brachiopoda.

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“…Furthermore, the roles of non-peptidergic neurotransmitters have been characterised in cnidarians. Serotonin is involved in metamorphosis of the hydrozoans Phialidium gregarium and Eudendrium racemosum (McCauley, 1997;Zega et al, 2007). And, the neurotransmitter glycine affects the endodermal pacemakers and thereby regulates elongation and contraction of the hydra body column (Ruggieri et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of G protein-coupled receptors in the early evolution of neurotransmission and the nervous system

Krishnan

Schiöth

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The origin and evolution of the nervous system is one of the most intriguing and enigmatic events in biology. The recent sequencing of complete genomes from early metazoan organisms provides a new platform to study the origins of neuronal gene families. This review explores the early metazoan expansion of the largest integral transmembrane protein family, the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which serve as molecular targets for a large subset of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in higher animals. GPCR repertories from four pre-bilaterian metazoan genomes were compared. This includes the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis and the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, which have primitive nervous systems (nerve nets), the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica and the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, which lack nerve and muscle cells. Comparative genomics demonstrate that the rhodopsin and glutamate receptor families, known to be involved in neurotransmission in higher animals are also widely found in prebilaterian metazoans and possess substantial expansions of rhodopsin-family-like GPCRs. Furthermore, the emerging knowledge on the functions of adhesion GPCRs in the vertebrate nervous system provides a platform to examine possible analogous roles of their closest homologues in pre-bilaterians. Intriguingly, the presence of molecular components required for GPCR-mediated neurotransmission in pre-bilaterians reveals that they exist in both primitive nervous systems and nerve-cell-free environments, providing essential comparative models to better understand the origins of the nervous system and neurotransmission. KEY WORDS: Neuron, GPCR, Nerve net, Synapse, EvolutionIntroduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily among membrane bound proteins that control key physiological functions, such as, neurotransmission, hormone releases, and immune responses among others (Katritch et al., 2013; Lagerström and Schiöth, 2008;Rosenbaum et al., 2009). As such, the large range of integral transmembrane proteins in this family respond to subsequent, diverse array of ligands: including neurotransmitters, hormones, lipids, and odorants (Civelli et al., 2013;Shoichet and Kobilka, 2012). GPCRs in mammals are classified into the five main families according to the GRAFS classification: glutamate, rhodopsin, adhesion, frizzled and secretin (Fredriksson et al., 2003). These five GPCR families are associated with various physiological functions, but the roles of the glutamate and the rhodopsin families are particularly well documented for REVIEW Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593,751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.*Authors for correspondence (arunkumar.krishnan@neuro.uu.se; helgi.schioth@neuro.uu.se) neurotransmission and regulation of the nervous system (Niswender and Conn, 2010;Schoepp, 2001). Some functions include synaptic transmission, synapse formation, axon guidance and development of neuronal circuits (Collingridge et al., 2004;Hnasko and Edwards, 2012)...

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Serotonin involvement in the metamorphosis of the hydroid Eudendrium racemosum

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

A neurochemical map of the developing amphioxus nervous system

A neurochemical map of the developing amphioxus nervous system

Serotonergic and FMRFamidergic nervous systems in gymnolaemate bryozoan larvae

The role of G protein-coupled receptors in the early evolution of neurotransmission and the nervous system

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