Serotonin Metabolism of Animal Model of Depression

Takahashi, Ryo; Tateishi, T.; Yoshida, Hideo; Nagayama, Haruo; Tachiki, Ken H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3860-4_34

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Thus, there may exist a relative hyperactivity at certain types of S-HT synapses in some depressive disorders, which can be attenuated via a S-HT receptor blocking action or via downregulation of serotonergic transmission (5, 16). This hypothesis is in line with the hypothesis of human depression independently developed by Aprison and Hingten (1) and Takahishi and co-workers (29). Current views on the role of S-HT neurotransmission in anxiety, negative reinforcement and punishment and the behavioral and neuroendocrinological disturbances present in depression, are also consistent with this hypothesis (see 16).…”

Section: Effects On Postsynaptic 5-ht Receptor Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 84%

The Importance of Brain Serotonergic Receptor Mechanisms for the Action of Antidepressant Drugs

So¹,

Fuxé²,

Lf³

1985

Pharmacopsychiatry

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The present studies have shown that chronic antidepressant treatment with different types of antidepressant drugs results in adaptive changes in postsynaptic 5-HT receptor mechanisms which appear to result in 5-HT sub- or supersensitivity development depending upon the 5-HT nerve terminal system analyzed. The results underline the heterogeneity of the central 5-HT neuron systems in their responses to chronic antidepressant treatment. In addition, a number of antidepressant drugs have potent, direct actions on 5-HT2 receptors, which may be of clinical relevance.

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Section: Effects On Postsynaptic 5-ht Receptor Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 84%

The Importance of Brain Serotonergic Receptor Mechanisms for the Action of Antidepressant Drugs

So¹,

Fuxé²,

Lf³

1985

Pharmacopsychiatry

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“…It has also been reported by Takahashi et al (1981) and Macdonald and Berker (1977) that 5-HT plays a vital role in animal behaviour such as sleep, locomotion etc. 5-HT is an important neurotransmitter synthesized in the brain, liver, kidneys, GI-tract, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Suppression of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity by Nigella sativa: Possible mediation by neurotransmitters

Guha¹,

Biswas²,

Purkayastha³

2005

Biogenic Amines

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Nigella sativa (NS), an endogenous plant of family Ranunculaceae, exhibits a wide range of biological activity. This report explores the effect of aqueous extract of NS seeds on penicillin-(PCN-100 IU in 100 µl) induced epileptic rat model. Oral pretreatment of NS (250 mg/kg) suppressed PCN-induced seizure considerably, reduced spike-wave discharges and occurrence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Electroencephalographic data showed NS pretreatment to experimental animals elicited 85% abolition of high voltage spike discharges. NS pretreatment resulted in elevation of serotonin (5-HT) level and decreased dopamine (DA) level in cerebral cortex (CC), cerebellum (CB), caudate nucleus (CN) and midbrain (MB). A significant decrease in norepinephrine (NE) level was observed only in the CC. The present study suggests that chronic administration of NS protects PCNinduced generalized epilepsy by selectively altering the monoamine level in different brain regions. The seizure abolition observed in the NS pretreated rats was comparable to the anticonvulsive pattern exhibited by diazepam. The results suggest that NS has promising anticonvulsant action.

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“…While depletion of peripheral monoamines accounted for the reduction in hypertension, patients exhibited signs of depression while taking the drug [85,86]. Since that time, the clinical condition of depression has been inextricably linked to monoamine levels in the brain, and most modern pharmacological treatments for depression aim to modulate the transmission of monoamines, especially serotonin and norepinephrine [87,88]. By serendipity, the discovery of reserpine, along with iproniazid (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant orginially tested against tuberculosis) and chlorpromazine (an antiemetic that was found to reduce symptoms of psychosis), enabled the psychopharmacological revolution in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Pharmacological Inhibition Of Vmat Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Actions of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) in Monoaminergic Neurons

2009

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Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) are responsible for the packaging of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine into synaptic vesicles. These proteins evolved from precursors in the major facilitator superfamily of transporters and are among the members of the toxin extruding antiporter family. While the primary function of VMATs is to sequester neurotransmitters within vesicles, they can also translocate toxicants away from cytosolic sites of action. In the case of dopamine, this dual role of VMAT2 is combined-dopamine is more readily oxidized in the cytosol where it can cause oxidative stress so packaging into vesicles serves two purposes: neurotransmission and neuroprotection. Furthermore, the deleterious effects of exogenous toxicants on dopamine neurons, such as MPTP, can be attenuated by VMAT2 activity. The active metabolite of MPTP can be kept within vesicles and prevented from disrupting mitochondrial function thereby sparing the dopamine neuron. The highly addictive drug methamphetamine is also neurotoxic to dopamine neurons by using dopamine itself to destroy the axon terminals. Methamphetamine interferes with vesicular sequestration and increases the production of dopamine, escalating the amount in the cytosol and leading to oxidative damage of terminal components. Vesicular transport seems to resist this process by sequestering much of the excess dopamine, which is illustrated by the enhanced methamphetamine neurotoxicity in VMAT2-deficient mice. It is increasingly evident that VMAT2 provides neuroprotection from both endogenous and exogenous toxicants and that while VMAT2 has been adapted by eukaryotes for synaptic transmission, it is derived from phylogenetically ancient proteins that originally evolved for the purpose of cellular protection.

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Serotonin Metabolism of Animal Model of Depression

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

The Importance of Brain Serotonergic Receptor Mechanisms for the Action of Antidepressant Drugs

The Importance of Brain Serotonergic Receptor Mechanisms for the Action of Antidepressant Drugs

Suppression of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity by Nigella sativa: Possible mediation by neurotransmitters

Protective Actions of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) in Monoaminergic Neurons

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