Serotypes and mating types of clinical strains ofCryptococcus neoformans isolated in Taiwan

Hsu, Mark Ming-Long; Chang, Jen-Chyi; Yokoyama, Koji; Nishimura, Kazuko; Miyaji, Makoto

doi:10.1007/bf01371096

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…There have been many reports on the varying of occurrence of C. neoformans in avian droppings (Hsu et al, 1994;Khorsavi et al, 1997;Kielstein et al, 2000;Yimtubezenash et al, 2001). In this study, all isolates were obtained from pigeon droppings, demonstrating that pigeon dropping is the prinicipal environmental sources for C. neoformans in Korea.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies covering more wide areas with high number of samples will be needed to examine the population structure of C. neoformans in Korea. In other east Asian countries such as Japan and Taiwan, only serotype A was reported from clinical samples (Hsu et al, 1994;Kohno et al, 1994). Serotyping of Korean clinical samples was not reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…grubii and var. neoformans have been found in a variety of environmental sources such as avian droppings, soil, fruits, and vegetables (Emmons, 1995;Hsu et al, 1994;Lopez-Martinez and Castanon-Olivares, 1995). In several countries, avian droppings, especially pigeon droppings, have been considered to be the major environmental source of C. neoformans serotype A and D (Kielstein et al, 2000;Mahmoud, 1999;Yimtubezenash et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Isolation ofCryptococcus neoformansvar.grubii(serotype A) from Pigeon Droppings in Korea

Chee

Kim

2003

Mycobiology

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Three hundred and sixty five samples of avian droppings, collected from parks and zoo, were investigated for the occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans in Korea. Thirteen samples were positive for C. neoformans. All isolates were obtained from withered pigeon droppings. Identification and serotyping of isolates were determined by means of serological test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting. All isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. grubbi (serotype A). KEYWORDS: Cryptococcus neoformans, Pigeon droppings, Serotype ACryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated, basidiomycetous yeast-like fungus that can cause meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals, particularly AIDS patients (Mattsson et al., 1999). Individual is thought to be infected by inhalation of airborne fungal cell from environmental sources (Ellis and Pfeiffer, 1990).On the basis of the antigenic composition of its polysaccharide capsule and biochemical differences, C. neoformans has been subdivided into three varieties with 4 serotypes: C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D), and C. neoformans var. gatti (serotype B and C) (Franzot et al., 1999;Wilson et al., 1968). Former two varieties have a worldwide distribution, whereas C. neoformans var. gatti is restricted to tropical and subtropical areas (Bennett et al., 1977;Kohno et al., 1994). In pathogenicity, it has been reported that C. neoformans serotype A and D are the causative agents of cryptococcosis in immunocompromised or AIDS patients while C. neoformans var. gatti is associated with the infection of individual with normal immune status (Speed and Dunt, 1995). Serotype A is the predominant majority of clinical isolates of C. neoformans throughout the world, whereas serotype D is prevalent in some geographic areas (Criseo and Gallo, 1997;Dromer et al., 1996;Steenbergen and Casadevall, 2000;Tortorano et al., 1997). In terms of ecological distribution of C. neoformans, C. neoforamns var gatti has been isolated from Eucalyptus in tropical areas whereas C. neoformans var. grubii and var. neoformans have been found in a variety of environmental sources such as avian droppings, soil, fruits, and vegetables (Emmons, 1995;Hsu et al., 1994;Lopez-Martinez and Castanon-Olivares, 1995). In several countries, avian droppings, especially pigeon droppings, have been considered to be the major environmental source of C. neoformans serotype A and D (Kielstein et al., 2000;Mahmoud, 1999;Yimtubezenash et al., 2001). The reason for the high occurrence of C. neoformans in avian excreta is believed to be due to a utilization of nitrogenous compounds such as uric acid and creatinine in excreta (Lattman and Walter, 1968). In Korea, the distribution of serotype of the C. neoformans has not been previously reported. In this study we examined the occurrence and serotypes of C. neoformans in avian droppings. Materials and MethodsA total of 365 samples including 275 pigeon droppings and 90 zoo bird droppings were collected from parks and zoo in Korea (Tab...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation ofCryptococcus neoformansvar.grubii(serotype A) from Pigeon Droppings in Korea

Chee

Kim

2003

Mycobiology

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“…are rare. [22][23][24] We previously reported that environmental C. gattii s.l. strains are representative of clinical strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal susceptibility of the clinical and environmental strains of Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato in Taiwan

Lin

Lai

Lin

et al. 2022

Mycoses

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Background:The rare occurrence of human cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato leads to difficulties in establishing the antifungal susceptibility profile between species of this potentially lethal pathogen, which may be crucial for treating cryptococcosis.Objective: To establish an antifungal susceptibility profile of C. gattii s.l. in Taiwan. Methods: A total of 104 environmental C. gattii s.l. strains (including multilocal sequence typing ST7, ST106, ST274, ST328, ST546, ST548 and ST630) and 21 previously collected clinical strains (including ST7, ST44, ST06, ST274, ST328 and ST329) were included in this study. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of six antifungal agents (itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, flucytosine and amphotericin B) against environmental C. gattii s.l. strains and compared the antifungal susceptibility profiles of environmental strains with those of clinical strains. Results: The antifungal susceptibility data demonstrated that the MICs of antifungal agents against environmental strains were comparable to those against clinical strains. Compared with strains of Cryptococcus deuterogattii, those of C. gattii sensu stricto were more susceptible to azoles and flucytosine. The differences in antifungal susceptibility between the strains of each sequence type (ST) were significant. Correlation analysis of MICs revealed cross-resistance between azoles in environmental strains of C. gattii s.l. Geographic differences in the antifungal susceptibility of C. gattii s.l. isolated from different cities in Taiwan were observed in this study. Conclusion: Clinical and environmental strains were indistinguishable in antifungal susceptibility. The antifungal susceptibility of C. gattii s.l. is associated with STs. Therefore, establishing an ST-oriented domestic antifungal susceptibility database may help treat C. gattii s.l.-induced cryptococcosis.

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“…Por otro lado, existen evidencias importantes que establecen una relación entre la distribución mundial de C. neoformans y los suelos contaminados con excretas de aves (Hsu et al, 1994;Emmons, 1995;López-Martínez & Castañón-Olivares, 1995;Passoni, 1999;Chee & Lee, 2005;Curo et al, 2005;González Acuña et al, 2007). Esta peculiar distribución geográfica hace importante el estudio de su nicho ecológico, como posible fuente de contagio para individuos susceptibles (Staib, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

PRESENCIA DE Cryptococcus neoformans EN EXCRETAS DE PALOMAS URBANAS EN SAN MIGUEL DE TUCUMÁN - ARGENTINA

2010

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Serotypes and mating types of clinical strains ofCryptococcus neoformans isolated in Taiwan

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Isolation ofCryptococcus neoformansvar.grubii(serotype A) from Pigeon Droppings in Korea

Isolation ofCryptococcus neoformansvar.grubii(serotype A) from Pigeon Droppings in Korea

Antifungal susceptibility of the clinical and environmental strains of Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato in Taiwan

PRESENCIA DE Cryptococcus neoformans EN EXCRETAS DE PALOMAS URBANAS EN SAN MIGUEL DE TUCUMÁN - ARGENTINA

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