Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in relation to periodontal status and geographic origin of individuals-a review of the literature

Abstract

Objectives: Several studies have focused on the relationship among serotype distribution, ethnical status and geographic populations, and periodontal conditions. Studies that have investigated the prevalence and the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and the relation between the different serotypes of the bacterium and periodontal status were reviewed. Material and Methods: A systematic literature search for publications regarding the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in subgingival samples of periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy subjects by employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted. Results: From the 85 studies identified in the first analysis, only 12 met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical isolates from diverse geographic populations with different periodontal conditions were evaluated. Serotypes a, b and c were largely found, and serotype c was the most prevalent. They were isolated from various periodontal conditions, including aggressive periodontitis. Conclusions: The available literature suggests that serotypes a, b, and c are globally dominant, serotypes d and e are rare, and the prevalence of the most recently identified serotype fis still unknown. It is widely accepted that distribution patterns of A. actinomycetemcomitans vary among subjects of different ethnicity and geographic regions. The correlation of different serotypes with various periodontal conditions remains unclear. Key words:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, serotypes, periodontal disease, prevalence.

Rosuvastatin Inhibits Interleukin (IL)‐8 and IL‐6 Production in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Stimulated With Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype b

“…10,11 Aa is a Gram-negative, non-motile, facultative anaerobic coccobacillus that can be acquired at an early age and is highly associated with clinical attachment loss and development of aggressive periodontitis. 12 Nevertheless, this microorganism has also been isolated from patients with advanced chronic periodontitis, 13 and available literature suggests that serotypes a, b, and c occur much more frequently among oral isolates than serotypes d, e, and f. 14 Serotype b (including JP2 clone): 1) is more frequently associated with periodontitis in some populations and with various non-oral infections; 2) exhibits an increased capacity to trigger T helper (Th)1 and Th17-type cytokine production in immune cells; and 3) has lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immunogenicity that is greater than that of other serotypes. 15 Translocation of Aa into circulating blood after periodontal treatment has also been shown, and this periodontopathogen has been detected in atherosclerotic plaques.…”

Multiplex real‐time PCR detection and relative quantification of periodontal pathogens

“…Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been shown to be a potential etiological agent of an aggressive form of periodontitis particularly among adolescents from north and West Africa (Haubek et al, 2008). There are multiple serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans based on their cell surface polysaccharide antigens, and these serotypes demonstrate variable virulence, and some predominate in clinical samples (Brigido et al, 2014; Pahumunto et al, 2015). A. actinomycetemcomitans produces a cytolethal distending toxin that lyses neutrophils and plays a role in the breakdown of periodontal epithelium (DiRienzo, 2014).…”

JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Caucasian Patients: A Presentation of Two Cases

“…To date, seven serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans, designated from a to g, have been identified [16]. Among them, serotypes a, b, and c are globally dominant, whereby type c is the most prevalent [17]. Interestingly, they show different associations with disease depending on ethnicity, geographical localization, or periodontal status.…”