Serotyping and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance of Salmonella Isolated From Lettuce and Human Diarrhea Samples in Burkina Faso

Abstract

Background: In Burkina Faso dirty water in particular those of the stoppings and the gutter ones are used for vegetables irrigation in the gardens. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella serotypes from humans and lettuce samples in Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: Salmonella strains isolated from patients in 2009 to 2015 and lettuce samples in 2014 in Burkina Faso were serotyped using specific antisera. All strains were subjected to a set of 14 antibiotics to study their antibiogram by using Baeur-Kirby disk diffusion method. Results: Out of 154 Salmonella isolated, 60 were from human and 94 from lettuce samples. Serotyping revealed four different serotypes and 39% (60) untypeable strains from human and lettuce (14 and 46 strains). Salmonella serotypes from human and lettuce samples were: Paratyphi A (10% and 22%), Paratyphi B (34% and 8%), Paratyphi C (14% and 18%) and Typhi (21% and 1%). A high resistance of Salmonella Paratyphi B and Salmonella spp to tetracycline were 70% from human and 35 % from lettuce samples. Multiresistance was observed to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and amoxicillin/clavulanic-acid or ampicillin with Salmonella Paratyphi B 35% and Salmonella Typhi 33% from human samples and Salmonella spp 4% from lettuce samples. Conclusion:This study showed the diversity of Salmonella serotypes from both clinical and environmental samples and emergence of multiresistant Salmonella to antibiotics in Burkina Faso. A lettuce is a potential source of transmission of Salmonella causing diarrhea among human in Burkina Faso.

Molecular investigation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes in the Salmonella isolates obtained from children with acute diarrhea

“…Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all strains were susceptible to the imipenem, which was fully consistent with the study of Eshraghi et al [20]. Also, 80.9% of isolates were resistant to tetracycline which was consistent with findings of Siourimè et al [21]. In our study, with the exception of only one strain (S. enteritidis), all of them (20 isolates; 95.2%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, which is almost consistent with the results of Eshraghi et al [20].…”

Emergence of Antibiotic Residues and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Hospital Wastewater: A Potential Dissemination Pathway into the Environment: A Review

“…generated by hospital activities, and these various impacts were identified in the surrounding water bodies [60]. Furthermore, it has been reported in some countries like Benin, Morocco, and Kenya, that hospital wastewater is discharged into community septic tanks due to inappropriate drainage systems [61][62][63].…”

“…Recovered from river water [57,59], in Enterobacter spp. isolates obtained from seawater [25,48], in Citrobacter spp., E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca and E. cloacae obtained from hospital sewage [53,61,62], in E. cloacae complex, in K. pneumoniae and in R. ornithinolytica isolated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) [53,57,63], and GES-16 producing Acinetobacter spp. and Aeromonas spp.…”

Emergence Of Antibiotic Residues And Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria In Hospital Wastewater: A Potential Dissemination Pathway Into The Environment: A Review

“…generated by hospital activities, and these various impacts were identified in the surrounding water bodies [60]. Furthermore, it has been reported in some countries like Benin, Morocco, and Kenya, that hospital wastewater is discharged into community septic tanks due to inappropriate drainage systems [61][62][63].…”