Serotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Enteric Nontyphoidal Salmonella Recovered from Febrile Neutropenic Patients and Poultry in Egypt

Abstract

A total of 300 human fecal samples were collected from febrile neutropenic patients suffering from severe gastroenteritis, followed by identification and serological characterization of recovered isolates. Fifty nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars were recovered. A total of serologically identified 50 NTS serovars recovered from poultry of the same geographical area and during the same period as well as one standard strain S. Poona were supplied by the Bacterial Bank of Animal Health Research Institute of Egypt. Antibiogram analysis revealed that the human and poultry serovars exhibited similar antimicrobial resistance patterns against 28 different antimicrobial agents, particularly against ampicillin, cefotaxime, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin. Plasmids harboring blaCTX-m, blaSHV, blaTEM, and aac(6’)-Ib were detected in 11 (22%) and 8 (16%) of human and poultry serovars, respectively. Molecular detection of the most clinically relevant virulence genes and analysis of the associated virulence genotypes proved that the human (n = 11) and poultry serovars (n = 12) shared 11 genotypes. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR analysis revealed that human and poultry serovars were clustered together in 3 out of the 4 clusters with a similarity index ranged from 0.15 to 1. Since poultry are usually consumed by humans, the presence of resistant bacteria harboring transmissible genetic elements is of great health concern.

Detection of Virulence and β-lactamase resistance genes of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human and animal origin in Egypt "one health concern"

“…The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing are illustrated in (Table 2 ); the recovered NTS isolates showed 100% resistance to clindamycin, followed by streptomycin (98.85). These results are consistent with those obtained by many previous studies [ 15 , 24 ] and It was observed that 100% of isolates from both animals and humans were resistant to clindamycin, although its use in large animals was limited. This demonstrated the cross-transmission of NTS between humans and animals (Fig.…”

“…The invA gene is considered a universal genetic marker identified in most Salmonella serovars [ 32 ]. Our results confirmed 100% occurrence of invA gene in the examined isolates, as recorded in many previous studies [ 15 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. However, only 67% of the examined samples were invA gene positive [ 5 ].…”

“…Many authors in previous studies agree with us in the opinion that the most common serotypes of salmonella in humans and animals were S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis [ 15 , 18 – 20 ]. However, a previous study in Ethiopia demonstrated that the most common serovar were S. dublin and S. Virchow [ 21 ].…”

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Integrated Studies on Salmonella and Campylobacter Prevalence, Serovar, and Phenotyping and Genetic of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Middle East—A One Health Perspective

“…Based on our eligibility criteria, six studies targeted ARGs among Salmonella and Campylobacter as foodborne illnesses in the Middle East region [46][47][48][49][50][51]. Besharati's study and Youssef's study were two studies that reported the ARGs among NTS.…”

Application of a novel lytic Jerseyvirus phage LPSent1 for the biological control of the multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis in foods

“…Globally, NTS are the extremely prevalent cause of acquired foodborne infection in humans, causing salmonellosis ( Esmael et al, 2021b ). Salmonellosis is transmitted in humans through the oral-fecal route by the consumption of contaminated food either of animal origin (milk, meat, poultry, and eggs) or green vegetables contaminated by manure ( Youssef et al, 2021 ). The infection symptoms include diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal crumbs as well many other symptoms which arise one or two days after infection and can be persisted for a week ( Wilson and Wilson, 2021 ).…”