Serotyping and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Detected in Wildlife and Natural Environments in Southern Italy

Tela, Immacolata La; Peruzy, Maria Francesca; D’Alessio, Nicola; Nocera, Fabio Di; Casalinuovo, Francesco; Carullo, Maria Rosaria; Cardinale, Davide; Cristiano, Daniela; Capuano, Federico

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10040353

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our course-grained epidemiological investigation of Salmonella from various sources in southern Ontario has provided insights into potential transmission between these different sources, and provides further evidence that, although raccoons have the potential to disseminate Salmonella and AMR to humans, their contribution appears to be minimal. Our findings build on existing work suggesting that wildlife play a largely indirect role in the transmission of Salmonella, serving primarily as biological intermediaries between humans, livestock and the environment, rather than acting as a primary driver or major reservoir (40)(41)(42)(43)(44). The identification of highly similar or identical cgMLST types (<10 allelic differences) was a rare occurrence in this population of over 600 isolates and was very specific to certain sources and serovars, highlighting potential transmission only in certain contexts (i.e., S. Heidelberg between poultry and humans, S. Newport between raccoons and soil).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Rural Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Not Likely to Be a Major Driver of Antimicrobial Resistant Human Salmonella Cases in Southern Ontario, Canada: A One Health Epidemiological Assessment Using Whole-Genome Sequence Data

Vogt¹,

Hetman²,

Vogt³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections represent a substantial burden of illness in humans, and the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among these infections is a growing concern. Using a combination of Salmonella isolate short-read whole-genome sequence data from select human cases, raccoons, livestock and environmental sources, and an epidemiological framework, our objective was to determine if there was evidence for potential transmission of Salmonella and associated antimicrobial resistance determinants between these different sources in the Grand River watershed in Ontario, Canada. Logistic regression models were used to assess the potential associations between source type and the presence of select resistance genes and plasmid incompatibility types. A total of 608 isolates were obtained from the following sources: humans (n = 58), raccoons (n = 92), livestock (n = 329), and environmental samples (n = 129). Resistance genes of public health importance, including blaCMY−2, were identified in humans, livestock, and environmental sources, but not in raccoons. Most resistance genes analyzed were significantly more likely to be identified in livestock and/or human isolates than in raccoon isolates. Based on a 3,002-loci core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme, human Salmonella isolates were often more similar to isolates from livestock and environmental sources, than with those from raccoons. Rare instances of serovars S. Heidelberg and S. Enteritidis in raccoons likely represent incidental infections and highlight possible acquisition and dissemination of predominantly poultry-associated Salmonella by raccoons within these ecosystems. Raccoon-predominant serovars were either not identified among human isolates (S. Agona, S. Thompson) or differed by more than 350 cgMLST loci (S. Newport). Collectively, our findings suggest that the rural population of raccoons on swine farms in the Grand River watershed are unlikely to be major contributors to antimicrobial resistant human Salmonella cases in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Rural Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Not Likely to Be a Major Driver of Antimicrobial Resistant Human Salmonella Cases in Southern Ontario, Canada: A One Health Epidemiological Assessment Using Whole-Genome Sequence Data

Vogt¹,

Hetman²,

Vogt³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Considering the serovars, S. Kasenyi was the most frequently isolated (W11, W12, W19, and W24). S. Kanseny is frequently isolated in the wild boar population living in the Campania region (La Tela et al ., 2021 ; Peruzy et al ., 2019 ) but, to our knowledge, it has not been reported in any other wild boar living in other regions or other countries. Differently, S. Thompson detected in the present study in two animals (W1 and W10) is widespread in wild boar population and several other animal species and it has been associated with a severe human outbreak in the Netherlands in 2012 (Stella et al , 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of enteric bacterial pathogens in meat samples of wild boar hunted in Campania region, southern Italy

et al. 2022

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Wild boars can be infected with several foodborne pathogens which may be transmitted to humans through the consumption of their meat, but currently, data of their prevalence are still limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of enteric pathogens in wild boar meat samples killed in the Campania region. Twentyeight wild boar meat samples were analyzed for the detection of Salmonella spp, Y. enterocolitica, Campylobacter spp., and Shiga- Toxigenic E. coli. Salmonella spp. was detected and isolated in ten samples and after serotyping S. Veneziana, S. Kasenyi, S. Coeln, S. Manhattan, S. Thompson, and S. Stanleyville were identified. Twenty-one meat samples were found to be contaminated with Y. enterocolitica; in 6 samples the ystA and ystB genes were detected simultaneously, while in 15 only the ystB gene, which characterizes the bacteria belonging to the biotype 1A, was present. Shiga-Toxin producing E. coli was detected in 12 while Campylobacter spp was never detected. In conclusion, due to the high occurrence of pathogenic bacteria detected, the present research shows that wild boars are important reservoirs for foodborne zoonoses which may be transmitted to livestock and humans. This confirms the importance of controls throughout the wild boar supply chain. In the Campania region, checks are guaranteed by the Veterinarians who work within the “management and control plan for wild boar in the Campania region” which has the twofold objective of containing the increasingly invasive presence of this animal and guaranteeing greater safety, traceability, and transparency in the consumption of meat.

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“…Resistance to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and ampicillin is frequently reported in Salmonella isolates from humans, animals (food-producing and pets), and food of animal origin [ 13 ]. Moreover, Salmonella resistant to these antibiotics have also been found in shellfish, indicating the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains from human or animal feces to aquatic ecosystems [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Results on the Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Marine Animals Stranded in Sicilian Coasts: Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and ARGs Detection in the Isolated Strains

Gambino¹,

Sciortino²,

Migliore³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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The presence of Salmonella spp. in marine animals is a consequence of contamination from terrestrial sources (human activities and animals). Bacteria present in marine environments, including Salmonella spp., can be antibiotic resistant or harbor resistance genes. In this study, Salmonella spp. detection was performed on 176 marine animals stranded in the Sicilian coasts (south Italy). Antibiotic susceptibility, by disk diffusion method and MIC determination, and antibiotic resistance genes, by molecular methods (PCR) of the Salmonella spp. strains, were evaluated. We isolated Salmonella spp. in three animals, though no pathological signs were detected. Our results showed a low prevalence of Salmonella spp. (1.7%) and a low incidence of phenotypic resistance in three Salmonella spp. strains isolated. Indeed, of the three strains, only Salmonella subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium from S. coeruleoalba and M. mobular showed phenotypic resistance: the first to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulphamethoxazole, while the latter only to sulphamethoxazole. However, all strains harbored resistance genes (blaTEM, blaOXA, tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), sulI, and sulII). Although the low prevalence of Salmonella spp. found in this study does not represent a relevant health issue, our data contribute to the collection of information on the spread of ARGs, elements involved in antibiotic resistance, now considered a zoonosis in a One Health approach.

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Serotyping and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Detected in Wildlife and Natural Environments in Southern Italy

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Rural Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Not Likely to Be a Major Driver of Antimicrobial Resistant Human Salmonella Cases in Southern Ontario, Canada: A One Health Epidemiological Assessment Using Whole-Genome Sequence Data

Rural Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Not Likely to Be a Major Driver of Antimicrobial Resistant Human Salmonella Cases in Southern Ontario, Canada: A One Health Epidemiological Assessment Using Whole-Genome Sequence Data

Presence of enteric bacterial pathogens in meat samples of wild boar hunted in Campania region, southern Italy

Preliminary Results on the Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Marine Animals Stranded in Sicilian Coasts: Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and ARGs Detection in the Isolated Strains

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