Serotyping, antibiogram, and detection of bacterial pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease in selected areas of Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is a multifactorial and economically important illness of cattle. The current study was designed to characterize the major bacterial pathogens associated with BRD and determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates. Samples were collected from 400 pneumonic cases of cattle. Results Laboratory assay revealed isolation of 376 (94.0%) bacterial pathogens. The most prevalent bacterial pathogens recovered were Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) followed by Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), Histophilus somni (H. somni), and Bibersteinia trehalosi (B. trehalosi) from 191 (50.80%), 81 (21.54%), 56 (14.89%), and 48 (12.77%) samples, respectively. M. haemolytica strains were confirmed using multiplex PCR assay through the amplification of PHSSA (~ 325 bp) and Rpt2 (~ 1022 bp) genes. Capsular typing of P. multocida revealed amplification of serogroup A (hyaD-hyaC) gene (~ 1044 bp) and serogroup D (dcbF) gene (~ 657 bp). B. trehalosi isolates displayed amplification of the sodA gene (~ 144 bp). Besides, serotyping of M. haemolytica showed the distribution of serotype A:1 (82.20%), A:2 (10.47%), and A:6 (7.33%). Whereas, biotyping of P. multocida revealed a higher prevalence of biotype A:3 (83.95%), then A:1 (8.64%), A:2 (4.94%), and A:12 (2.47%). The majority of the retrieved isolates showed remarkable susceptibility to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, florfenicol, and ceftiofur (100%). Besides, varying degree of antimicrobial resistance was observed against streptomycin, gentamicin, penicillin-G, and ampicillin. Conclusions The current findings confirmed that M. haemolytica (A:1) strain is the most common bacterial pathogen identified from BRD cases in the study areas of Ethiopia. Hence, continuous outbreak monitoring and evaluation of antibiotics susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens associated with BRD are indispensable to reduce the impact of BRD in the study areas. Further investigation of bacterial pathogens and genotypic analysis of pathogens from a wider area of the country is essential to design a cost-efficient control strategy.

The Prevalence, Coexistence, and Correlations between Seven Pathogens Detected by a PCR Method from South-Western Poland Dairy Cattle Suffering from Bovine Respiratory Disease

“…The prevalence of P. multocida varies widely ranging from a few percent to over eighty [ 5 , 8 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 28 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Similar to our results, Paller et al noted that the highest prevalence occurred for P. multocida (58.64%) [ 32 ].…”

“…Taking into consideration the shown bacterial agents, prevalence, and scientific reports about opportunistic pathogens, it is important to bear in mind that despite the very high prevalence of P. multocida and the high frequency of coinfection with P. multocida and M. haemolytica in some of the calves we examined, these agents were not necessarily responsible for the presence of disease symptoms [ 8 , 17 , 28 , 51 , 52 ]. Nevertheless, being components of the respiratory tract flora, when the clinical form of the disease occurs (regardless of whether they are the cause) due to the use of antimicrobials in the treatment and control of BRD, they acquire resistance to the antibiotics used, becoming a reservoir of resistance genes [ 2 , 14 , 36 , 38 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. It is also important to perform drug resistance testing with determination of the presence of chemotherapeutic resistance genes in P. multocida and M. haemolytica isolated from dairy cattle calves from Poland.…”

“…Pathogens noted in the course of BRD include: Pasteurella multocida ( P. multocida ), Mannheimia haemolytica ( M. haemolytica ), Mycoplasma bovis ( M. bovis ), Histophilus somni (H. somni), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine coronavirus (BcoV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine adenovirus (BadV), and influenza D virus (IDV). Stress or viral infections create a basis for opportunistic bacteria to multiply, which contributes to clinical symptoms [ 2 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”