Serotyping Isolated Strains of Salmonella for Consomption in the Eastern Logone Province in Chad

Abstract

The present work was carried out in the Doba petroleum basin, Eastern Logone Province, and focused on the serotyping of strains of salmonella isolated in well water, boreholes and rivers for the consumption of the population. The sampling was carried out according to a complete randomized device with 10 samples per source of water, making a total of 30 samples. Salmonellae were detected according to the French standard ISO 6579: 2002, followed by serotyping. The results of the biochemical identification test of the API 20 E gallery led, thanks to the Apiweb Tm-API 20E V4.1 site to Salmonella spp. The serotyping results revealed, according to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor table, serovars Anatum, Mbandaka and Idikan. S. Anatum was detected in P4 well waters and F6 wells; S. Mbandaka, in F9 and R8 river water; and finally, S. Idikan, in F5 and R4 river water. These results show a homogeneous distribution of these serotypes in the different water sources of the study area. The presence of these pathogenic serotypes in drinking water sources attests that these waters are unhealthy in accordance with WHO's guidelines for drinking quality. Corrective measures are needed to improve the quality of these water rich in germs that may cause food poisoning.

Seasonal variation of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli strains isolated from well water of Moundou city, Chad (Central Africa)

“…These structures, which were often poorly protected, greatly accentuate the degree of contamination of these waters much more in the rainy season. Our results were similar to those of [27] in Doba, southern Chad, which also report that the maximum values of the hydromorphological variables of the wells were noted in the rainy season. Therefore, according to [28] in Benin, people often use well water for reasons of proximity, cost, but do not even bother to protect it and ignore the risks of consumption due to its unhealthy environment.…”

“…or 13% and 12 strains of Escherichia coli or 6% for a total of 38 strains isolated from 200 well water samples from the city of Moundou or a total contamination rate of 19%. Our result of 38 isolated strains is higher than that obtained by [27,33,34] but lower than that of [23]. These differences could be explained by the type of sample, the sampling periods and the analytical methods used.…”

Seasonal variation in the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of well water in two sub-divisions of Moundou city (Southern Chad, Central Africa)

“…The sampling stations were chosen according to accessibility, the interest of the populations for these water points, the location in relation to the surface sources of pollution, the morphological and hydrological state among others. At the end of the survey, 14 stations were selected in the two sub-divisions of the city of Moundou including six (6) in the first sub-division (I) and eight (8) in the second sub-division (II) (Table 1). These neighborhoods were chosen based on the precarious situation of households that use these well waters for their domestic needs [17].…”

“…However, the Chadian population in general and that of the city of Moundou in particular do not sufficiently take into account the obvious link between water quality, hygiene, sanitation and its importance for public health [6]. Numerous studies have been conducted on groundwater quality in the equatorial zone of Central Africa [2,7,8,9]. They show the impact of anthropic pressure that generate polluting elements that can affect the physicochemical and biological quality of water [10,11,12].…”

“…They show the impact of anthropic pressure that generate polluting elements that can affect the physicochemical and biological quality of water [10,11,12]. Very little data is available in Chad on the quality of the water in wells, which are of vital importance in the epidemiological study on the health of the population consuming these waters [8]. Indeed, these pollutions are not without risks for the riparian population [13,14,15].…”