Serratus anterior weakness is a key determinant of arm-assisted standing difficulties

Smith, Samuel H.L.; Reilly, Peter; Bull, Anthony M.J.

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.09.023

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, the serratus anterior muscle comprises mainly fast twitch muscle fibres increasing its vulnerability to age related atrophy [37]. These muscles are under constant tension to maintain the stability of the scapula and the shoulder girdle for promoting movement at the distal joints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study of the scapular muscles’ endurance in young healthy smartphone addicts and smartphone non-addicts, using scapular muscle endurance test

Hetvi Vipul Shah,

Rajashree Vishnoo Naik

2023

Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch.

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Background: Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our day-to-day lives. The increasing dependency of people on smartphones has led to smartphone addiction among people. Extended use of smartphones in awkward postures with neck bent and arms unsupported requires significant stability of the scapular muscles to produce distal hand movements. The scapular muscles are thus under constant tension to achieve stability while transferring forces and motions along the kinetic chain requiring good endurance in the long run. The present study was thus aimed to compare the scapular muscle endurance of smartphone addicts versus non - addicts. Methodology: Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS - SV) scores were used to categorize 242 subjects into two groups (121 subjects in each group); Group 1 - Smartphone Addicts and Group 2 - Smartphone Non - Addicts. Scapular muscles’ endurance was assessed for all the subjects using the Scapular Muscle Endurance test and the time duration was noted. Results: Independent t-test was used to test the statistical significance of Scapular Muscle Endurance in Group 1 and Group 2. The observed difference between Group 1 and Group 2 was 24.07 seconds (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: The scapular muscle endurance was significantly reduced in smartphone addicts as compared to smartphone non - addicts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study of the scapular muscles’ endurance in young healthy smartphone addicts and smartphone non-addicts, using scapular muscle endurance test

Hetvi Vipul Shah,

Rajashree Vishnoo Naik

2023

Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch.

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“…Their results confirm that older adults compensate in standing up without arms by reducing the knee joint and extensor loading and increased use of hip extensors and plantarflexors. Another study by the same group showed that selective muscle weakness of the serratus anterior was a key determinant of mobility in STS, by simulating muscle weakness with an upper limb musculoskeletal model (42). By removing muscles from the model one by one, serratus anterior weakness proved to limit the movement most and required most compensatory actions from the other muscles, leading to high upper body joint reaction forces.…”

Section: Muscular Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ageing on the Standing Up Movement Analysed using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) Framework

Kruk¹,

Silverman²,

Reilly³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In healthy ageing, capacity declines in the neural, muscular, and skeletal systems, and each system decline has its effect on the execution of complex motor tasks. This decline in capacity can result in the inability to stand up (sit-to-stand, sit-to-walk), which is a key movement for independence. The mechanisms leading to mobility limitations or inabilities are complex, overlapping, and interdependent and the complementary fields of biomechanics, motor control, and physiology need to be combined to understand these mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of age-related compensation in standing up and to consider the limitations of these results when analysing standing up in daily life using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) framework that combines biomechanics, motor control, and physiology. A literature search was performed in the search engine Scopus, using the keywords and their synonyms: strateg*(approach, technique, way) AND, sit-to-walk OR sit-to-stand OR rise (raise, arise, stand, stand-up) AND chair (seat). Inclusion criteria were: biomechanics or motor control on sit-to-stand or sit-to-walk in healthy and/or frail adults (<60y) and elderly (>60y), and/or osteoarthritis patients as a specific case of ageing related decline. The review shows that movement compensations in standing up manifest as changes in planned trajectory (Compensation by Selection) and in muscle recruitment (Compensation by Reorganisation). However, as most studies in the literature typically use standardized experimental protocols where movement compensation is restricted, these studies cannot be directly translated to functional tasks, such as the mobility of the elderly in their homes, communities, and clinic. Compensation must be included in future studies in order to facilitate clinical translation. Specifically, future studies in the standing up task should 1) determine the effect of varying arm use strategies (e.g., armrests, knees, chair, cane) on trunk and both lower limb and upper limb joint loading, 2) analyse control strategies in elderly people, 3) determine the biomechanical implications of asymmetry, and 4) incorporate assessments of age-related physical and neural decline as well as changes in psychological priorities.

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Compensation due to age-related decline in sit-to-stand and sit-to-walk

Kruk

Silverman

Reilly

et al. 2021

Journal of Biomechanics

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Serratus anterior weakness is a key determinant of arm-assisted standing difficulties

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

A cross-sectional study of the scapular muscles’ endurance in young healthy smartphone addicts and smartphone non-addicts, using scapular muscle endurance test

A cross-sectional study of the scapular muscles’ endurance in young healthy smartphone addicts and smartphone non-addicts, using scapular muscle endurance test

The Effect of Ageing on the Standing Up Movement Analysed using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) Framework

Compensation due to age-related decline in sit-to-stand and sit-to-walk

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