SERS-based viral load quantification of hepatitis B virus from PCR products

Raman spectroscopy for viral diagnostics

“…Gel documentation systems (GDS) usually employed for the analysis of PCR products involve costly instrumentation, reagents, and lengthy UV exposure which can adversely impact the fluorescence of the bands. Batool et al have analyzed the PCR product of viral RNA extracted from the hepatitis B patients using the SERS technique and the use of multivariate analytical tools such as principle component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and partial least squares regression (PLSR) resulted in a measured sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 98% (Batool et al 2021 ). SERS measurements performed using silver nanoparticle solution on serum samples collected from hepatitis B virus-infected patients have shown an enhancement in the L-arginine Raman line at 493 cm −1 and a reduction in the nucleic acid bases in comparison with healthy volunteers (Lu et al 2018 ).…”

Contributions of vibrational spectroscopy to virology: A review

“…Immobilising a specific peptide nucleic acid on a gold nanoparticle surface as a highly selective bio-receptor, Raman spectroscopy and Square wave voltammetry was employed for the detection of HCV – RNA with a sensitivity of ~ 1 × 10 3 IU/mL. Furthermore, Batool et al used a non selective SERS approach to measure the PCR extracted DNA products from the blood serum of HBV positive patients [166] , and Nasir et al used a similar methodology for analysis of the blood of HCV positive patients [167] .…”

Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Biomedical Diagnostics

“…Changes or alterations in these bio-samples inform the diagnosis of communicable and non-communicable diseases [61]. Table 1 [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79], list a few examples of bio-analytes or diseases detected using SERS IVDs.…”