Serum Analysis of Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer Using a Mini-Array of Tumor-Associated Antigens

Abstract

Background: Several studies have shown that patients with cancer have antibodies in serum that react with cellular autoantigens, known as Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAA). The present work aimed to determine whether a mini-array comprising four recombinant TAA increases the detection of specific serum antibodies for the diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. Methods: The mini-array included Alpha 1-AntiTrypsin (A1AT), TriosePhosphate Isomerase 1 (TPI1), Peptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans Isomerase A (PPIA), and PeroxiReDoXin 2 (PRDX2) full-length recombinant proteins. The proteins were produced after gene cloning, expression, and purification, and were verified by Western blot assays. Then, Dot-Blot was performed to find antibodies against the four TAA in 12 sera from women with early-stage breast cancer (stage II) and 12 sera from healthy women. Results: Antibody detection against individual TAA in early-stage breast cancer sera ranged from 58.3% to 83.3%. However, evaluation of the four TAA showed that there was a positive antibody reaction reaching a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85% in early-stage breast cancer, suggesting that this mini-array must be evaluated as a clinical diagnostic tool for early-stage breast cancer in a larger sample size. Conclusion: Our results suggest that TAA mini-arrays may provide a promising and powerful method for improving the detection of breast cancer in Mexican women.

Serum anti-CFL1, anti-EZR, and anti-CYPA autoantibody as diagnostic markers in ovarian cancer

“…The above results may be related to the generation of these anti-TAA autoantibodies. Similar to the results of this study, the anti-TAA autoantibodies of CFL1, EZR, CYPA have been shown certain diagnostic performance in esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer 20 – 24 . Most of the samples included in this study were serous type OC, and only 8 cases of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) were known, and NAPSA was often abnormally high expressed in OCCC, which may be the reason for the insignificant difference in anti-TAA autoantibodies 26 , 48 .…”

“…Literature review found Cofilin 1 (CFL1), Ezrin (EZR), Cyclophilin-A (CYPA), Profilin 1 (PFN1), Napsin A (NAPSA) have been found to be associated with the development and progression of OC 15 – 19 , and are potential TAAs for ovarian cancer. Among them, the anti-TAA autoantibodies of CFL1, EZR, CYPA have been shown diagnostic potential in esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer 20 – 24 . Both CFL1 and PFN1 are actin-binding proteins, showing potential correlation function 25 .…”

Can serum autoantibodies be a potential early detection biomarker for breast cancer in women? A diagnostic test accuracy review and meta-analysis

“…The diagnostic measures of individual autoantibodies were investigated by all studies. Ten studies also reported the measures for autoantibody panels [ 3 , 5 , 25 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 42 , 46 , 48 ].…”

“…Studies adopted three common measures of threshold to define a positive value for autoantibodies, an absorbance value greater than the mean + 2, + 3, or + 4 standard deviations (SDs) of the normal cohort (Additional file 7 ) . Some studies reported a pre- defined threshold specific to the method of analysis [ 14 , 15 , 17 , 20 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 40 , 49 ] while some others did not report any threshold for a positive cut-off [ 5 , 12 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 29 , 34 , 42 , 44 – 46 , 48 , 50 – 54 ].…”

Green Metallic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Evaluation Models and Cancer Applications

“…Unfortunately, small breast tumors are rarely detected by a physical examination in the early stages. Sometimes, they may not be observed in a mammography analysis, particularly in young women and women with dense breast tissue [ 212 , 215 , 216 ].…”