Serum and urinary markers of exogenous testosterone administration

Palonek, Elzbieta; Gottlieb, Claes; Garle, Mats; Björkhem, Ingemar; Carlström, Kjell

doi:10.1016/0960-0760(95)00146-q

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Kicman et al (1999) showed that ACTH stimulation in eugonadal men induced a slight decrease in the urinary rate of T glucuronide but did not change the rate of EpiT glucuronide. These two steroids are of high interest as the ratio between T and EpiT (T/ epiT ratio) is a criterion in the determination of T abuse in sports (Palonek et al 1995). About half of the EpiT is produced in the testis (Dehennin 1993) and little, if any, is derived from the peripheral metabolism of T, Adione or DHEA (Brooks and Giuliani 1964).…”

Section: Urinary Glucuronides Steroids As Prospective Secondary Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

No variation of physical performance and perceived exertion after adrenal gland stimulation by synthetic ACTH (Synacthen®) in cyclists

Baume

Steel²,

Edwards³

et al. 2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

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There is anecdotal evidence that athletes use the banned substance Synacthen because of its perceived benefit with its associated rise in cortisol. To test the performance-enhancing effects of Synacthen, eight trained cyclists completed two, 2-day exercise sessions separated by 7-10 days. On the first day of each 2-day exercise session, subjects received either Synacthen (0.25 mg, TX) or placebo (PLA) injection. Performance was assessed by a 20-km time trial (TT) after a 90-min fatigue period on day 1 and without the fatiguing protocol on day 2. Plasma androgens and ACTH concentrations were measured during the exercise bouts as well as the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Spot urines were analyzed for androgens and glucocorticoids quantification. Basal plasma hormones did not differ significantly between PLA and TX groups before and 24 h after the IM injection (P > 0.05). After TX injection, ACTH peaked at 30 min and hormone profiles were significantly different compared to the PLA trial (P < 0.001). RPE increased significantly in both groups as the exercise sessions progressed (P < 0.001) but was not influenced by treatment. The time to completion of the TT was not affected on both days by Synacthen treatment. In the present study, a single IM injection of synthetic ACTH did not improve either acute or subsequent cycling performance and did not influence perceived exertion. The investigated urinary hormones did not vary after treatment, reinforcing the difficulty for ACTH abuse detection.

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Section: Urinary Glucuronides Steroids As Prospective Secondary Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

No variation of physical performance and perceived exertion after adrenal gland stimulation by synthetic ACTH (Synacthen®) in cyclists

Baume

Steel²,

Edwards³

et al. 2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…They accounted for about 59% of adverse analytical findings in 2008 in accredited doping laboratories around the world (WADA 2008 Adverse Analytical Findings and Atypical Findings reported by accredited laboratories, Montreal, 2009 (http://www.wada-ama.org)). However, the abuse of these agents for cosmetic purposes among non-competitive recreAbbreviations: AAS, anabolic androgenic steroid; CHD, coronary heart disease; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; HDL, high density lipoprotein; T/E, testosterone glucuronide on epitestosterone glucuronide ratio; LDL, low density lipoprotein; LH, luteinizing hormone; 19-NA, 19 ational body-builders and non-athletes is a major societal concern. In fact, AAS abuse has become a growing public health problem [5,11,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term perturbation of endocrine parameters and cholesterol metabolism after discontinued abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids

Gårevik

Strahm

Garle

et al. 2011

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…One approach is based on the determination of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone/T, 187,188 but this method is yet to be generally established. Another approach is based on taking into account sulphate conjugates of T and EpiT, in conjunction with measurement of the aglycones, 189 but subsequent data gained by HPLC/MS/MS analysis did not support the usefulness of this strategy.…”

Section: Ancillary Tests To Detect T Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

2003

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International Olympic Committee accredited laboratories play a key role in upholding the principle of fair play and innate ability, as desired by the majority of sports competitors and spectators. Not only does doping damage the image of sport, but it can also be harmful to the individual. The great majority of samples test negative but, when an adverse nding is declared, the analytical data must be of a suf ciently high standard to withstand legal challenges by third parties. The most widely misused performance-enhancing drugs are the anabolic-androgenic steroids, commonly referred to as 'anabolic steroids'. This review attempts to address the complex issues concerning anabolic steroids in sport by considering the clinical, biochemical and analytical perspectives. Fifty years of anabolic steroids and sport: an overviewThe discovery of a process for synthesizing the steroid testosterone (T) from cholesterol in 1935 1 greatly accelerated scienti¢c investigations into the e¡ects of this endogenous androgen. T rapidly became noted for its anabolic properties in increasing muscle size and strength and in its androgenic properties of increasing virilization and aggression. In a comprehensive review of the history of the use of anabolic steroids in sport, Todd 2 noted that, as early as 1945, the science writer Paul de Kreuf had speculated that`it would be interesting to watch the productive power of [a] . . . professional group [of athletes] that would try a systematic supercharge with testosterone . . .'.In the early 1950s, the ¢rst suspicion that T was actually being administered to improve sporting performance came with the allegation that Soviet weightlifters were administering T to gain strength. 2 Also, around that time, pharmaceutical companies were developing synthetic analogues of T with the aim of treating patients in a`catabolic state', the objective being to enhance the anabolic e¡ects of T and to dissociate the unwanted androgenic e¡ects (particularly to minimize the viriliz ing e¡ects). Nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) was the ¢rst synthetic analogue of T to show enough anabolic-androgenic dissociation in animal experiments 3 to justify its introduction as a therapeutic agent. 4 Subsequently, numerous analogues of T [and also its 5a-reduced metabolite, 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)] were developed (see Fig. 1), such as methandienone (methandrostenolone), oxymesterone and stanozolol (for dates of patent awards see Ref. 5). With the growing availability of these licensed compounds, competitors began to experiment with them in an attempt to gain improvements in sporting performance without imparting the full androgenic e¡ects associated with T. During the 1960s, a number of deaths occurred in sports competitors from the use of stimulants and, as a result, in 1967 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) reestablished a medical commission (an IOC Medical Commission was rst established in Athens in 1961; see Ref. 6) which banned the practice of doping in sport, the banned classes including stimula...

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Serum and urinary markers of exogenous testosterone administration

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

No variation of physical performance and perceived exertion after adrenal gland stimulation by synthetic ACTH (Synacthen®) in cyclists

No variation of physical performance and perceived exertion after adrenal gland stimulation by synthetic ACTH (Synacthen®) in cyclists

Long term perturbation of endocrine parameters and cholesterol metabolism after discontinued abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

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