Serum antibodies to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine components in Argentine children

Abstract

The Argentine vaccination schedule against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) recommends three doses of DTP vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, two boosters at 18 months and 6 years, a booster dose of tetanus vaccine every 10 years and two doses during pregnancy. To evaluate the effect of this schedule, antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were determined by ELISA in serum samples from children (1 month to 6 years) who received different doses of DPT vaccine: 0 dose (n = 50), 1 dose (n = 25), 2 doses (n = 25), 3 doses (n = 55), first and second booster (n = 25); 25 pregnant women and their offspring, and 45 adults. High antibody levels against PT (> 140 EU/ml) and FHA (> 80 EU/ml) were recorded in mothers and in the newborn. Antibody titers against PT increased with the number of doses given and decreased with time. Full protection against tetanus (titers > 0.1 IU/ml) was observed in the group of adults (0.37 IU/ml), in mothers (4.4 IU/ml) and their newborn offspring (5.5 IU/ml), and in children after receiving the second dose of DTP vaccine (1.86 IU/ml). The immune status for diphtheria was far lower, as most of the groups lacked adequate protection. After the third dose of DTP vaccine, only 78% of the children had antibody titers above the protective level (0.1 IU/ml). Since antibody levels considered to provide full protection were only achieved after the first booster dose of DTP vaccine, the primary three-dose schedule seems to be insufficient to confer adequate immunity in all vaccinees. Because of the high proportion of non-protected adults, a booster dose of Td vaccine should be considered for this group.

Randomized clinical trial of the safety and immunogenicity of the Tdap vaccine in pregnant Mexican women

“…It was also observed that antibodies against PT increased as the number of DPaT doses increased (at 2, 4 and 6 months). Pasetti et al 28 reported that complete protection is not achieved after 3 doses. This occurs after the first booster has been applied.…”

Recurrent tetanus in a donkey

“…Long‐term studies have shown that most horses have titres of more than 0.01 IU/ml for 5–8 years after basic immunisation. This recommendation is a direct extrapolation from recommendations for protective titres in humans (Pasetti et al., 1997), which in turn were based on guinea pig studies (Sneath et al., 1937).…”