Serum Biochemistry and Inflammatory Cytokines in Racing Endurance Sled Dogs With and Without Rhabdomyolysis

Frye, Christopher W.; Mann, Sabine; Joseph, Jodie L; Hansen, Cristina M.; Sass, Brent; Wakshlag, Joseph J.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00145

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In dogs the peak value in plasma CK does not provide a realistic assessment of the amount of muscle damaged, making CK a relatively crude indicator of muscle damage ( 93 ). Substantially higher exercise-induced increases in CK activity attributable to muscle damage from extremely strenuous exercise have been reported in greyhounds ( 23 ), sled dogs ( 26 , 33 , 38 , 40 , 58 – 61 , 88 , 94 ), search and rescue dogs ( 64 ), and trained, untrained, and sedentary healthy beagle dogs ( 95 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Physical fitness in athlete dogs has been defined as "the body's ability to maintain internal physiological balance as close as possible to the state of rest during physical exertion and to promptly restore the altered balance after exercise" (11,12). A marked increase in body temperature, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration after exercise, as well as alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters, have been reported not only in human athletes (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), but also in dogs subjected to various forms and/or intensities of exercise (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). With the exception of rectal temperature (7), such results have not been reported in canicross dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Two Acute Bouts of Exercise on Oxidative Stress, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters, and Rectal Temperature in Trained Canicross Dogs

2022

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Canicross is a sport discipline that connects human and canine athletes in running. Changes in physiological, hematological, and biochemical parameters, and exercise-induced oxidative stress have not been thoroughly characterized in canicross dogs. The aim of our study was the assessment of the health status of trained canicross dogs that were subjected to two acute bouts of exercise with their owners during the training season. Health status was assessed by measuring the rectal temperature, hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as blood oxidative stress parameters (plasma malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation marker; whole blood glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase1, antioxidant enzymes) before and during a two-day canicross training session and after a 24-h rest period. Seven trained canicross dogs (three females/four males) aged 12–120 months were included in the study. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the first acute bout of exercise (day 1), after the second acute bout of exercise (day 2), and after 24 h of rest (day 3). Rectal temperature was measured at the same time as blood sample collection. The majority of hematological and biochemical parameters remained within reference ranges at all sampling times. Rectal temperature was significantly higher after training on days 1 and 2 compared to resting temperature on day 3. Hematological parameters did not change significantly; however, there were significant differences in urea, creatinine, creatine kinase, and triglycerides between specific sampling times. Despite significant changes, these biochemical parameters remained within reference ranges. Significant changes in biochemical parameters seem to reflect the dogs' physiological response to each acute bout of exercise, considering all biochemical parameters and rectal temperature returned to pre-exercise values after a 24-h rest period (day 3). No significant differences in oxidative stress parameters were found between any sampling times. Relatively high erythrocyte superoxide dismutase1 activity at all sampling times may indicate that the canicross dogs are adapted to training by an increased expression of antioxidant enzymes. Based on our results, we can conclude that the trained canicross dogs included in our study were healthy, in good physical condition, and fit for the two acute bouts of field exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Two Acute Bouts of Exercise on Oxidative Stress, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters, and Rectal Temperature in Trained Canicross Dogs

2022

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“…Thus, this APP cannot indicate a dog’s readiness for race. On the other hand, in sled dogs with rhabdomyolysis, CRP level was 2-fold elevated in comparison to the healthy animals (308 vs. 164 μg/mL) [ 62 ].…”

Section: Physical Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Marker in Dogs: A Review

Malin

2022

Animals

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Acute phase response is a nonspecific reaction to disturbances in homeostasis during which the production of some Acute Phase Proteins (APPs) is stimulated; they are sensitive but nonspecific markers of systemic inflammatory processes. The major positive APP in dogs is the C-reactive protein (CRP). The dynamic of its concentration changes fast, rising and decreasing rapidly with the onset and removal of the inflammatory stimulus. It increases within the first 4–24 h after the stimulus and reaches up to a 50–100-fold increase of the baseline level. It has been documented that this APP’s concentration is elevated during several diseases, such as pyometra, panniculitis, acute pancreatitis, polyarthritis, sepsis, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, and neoplasia in dogs. In clinical practice, canine CRP is mostly measured to detect and monitor systemic inflammatory activity and the efficacy of treatments, because it is a more sensitive marker than shifts in leukocyte counts. Blood serum CRP concentration is becoming a part of routine biochemistry panels in many countries. In this article, changes in CRP concentration and its clinical application in healthy and diseased dogs are discussed.

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“…Alterations in various physiological parameters in dogs after exercise have been described in earlier studies conducted in beagles [ 62 ], Labradors [ 63 , 64 ], greyhounds [ 65 ], and sled dogs [ 66 – 68 ]. Changes in blood cell composition (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, and blood levels of several cytokines, lactate, cortisol, and glucose [ 67 , 69 , 70 ] are defined biomarkers of physical stress responses, including the time to recover to an individual’s baseline.…”

Section: Physical Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of infrastructure for a systemic multidisciplinary approach to study aging in retired sled dogs

Fleyshman¹,

Wakshlag

Huson

et al. 2021

Aging

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Canines represent a valuable model for mammalian aging studies as large animals with short lifespans, allowing longitudinal analyses within a reasonable time frame. Moreover, they develop a spectrum of aging-related diseases resembling that of humans, are exposed to similar environments, and have been reasonably well studied in terms of physiology and genetics. To overcome substantial variables that complicate studies of privately-owned household dogs, we have focused on a more uniform population composed of retired Alaskan sled dogs that shared similar lifestyles, including exposure to natural stresses, and are less prone to breed-specific biases than a pure breed population. To reduce variability even further, we have collected a population of 103 retired (8-11 years-old) sled dogs from multiple North American kennels in a specialized research facility named Vaika. Vaika dogs are maintained under standardized conditions with professional veterinary care and participate in a multidisciplinary program to assess the longitudinal dynamics of aging. The established Vaika infrastructure enables periodic gathering of quantitative data reflecting physical, physiological, immunological, neurological, and cognitive decline, as well as monitoring of aging-associated genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring in somatic cells. In addition, we assess the development of age-related diseases such as arthritis and cancer. In-depth data analysis, including artificial intelligence-based approaches, will build a comprehensive, integrated model of canine aging and potentially identify aging biomarkers that will allow use of this model for future testing of antiaging therapies.

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Serum Biochemistry and Inflammatory Cytokines in Racing Endurance Sled Dogs With and Without Rhabdomyolysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

The Effect of Two Acute Bouts of Exercise on Oxidative Stress, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters, and Rectal Temperature in Trained Canicross Dogs

The Effect of Two Acute Bouts of Exercise on Oxidative Stress, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters, and Rectal Temperature in Trained Canicross Dogs

C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Marker in Dogs: A Review

Development of infrastructure for a systemic multidisciplinary approach to study aging in retired sled dogs

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