Serum Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus Levels in Patients with
                    COVID-19: Relationships with Poor Outcome and Mortality

Díez, Juan J.; Iglesias, Pedro; García, Ana López; Martín-Casasempere, Ignacio; Andreu, Francisco A. Bernabéu

doi:10.1055/a-1899-8862

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Notably, this association persisted even after adjustment for significant confounding factors [30]. But not all studies demonstrated the predictive value of lower ionized calcium levels for a worse prognosis [25,[31][32][33]. It is possible that perturbations in the ionized calcium values in acutely ill patients represent an adaptive and protective response, and some data suggest that calcium administration may be harmful in critical illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Potential Correlations between Calcium Metabolism Biomarkers and Periprocedural Clinical Events in Major Cardiovascular Surgeries: An Exploratory Study

Ștef,

Bodolea,

Bocșan

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: There is emerging but conflicting evidence regarding the association between calcium biomarkers, more specifically ionized calcium and the prognosis of intensive care unit (ICU) postoperative cardiac patients. Methods: Our study investigated the relationship between ionized calcium, vitamin D, and periprocedural clinical events such as cardiac, neurologic and renal complications, major bleeding, vasoactive–inotropic score (VIS), and length of ICU and hospitalization. Results: Our study included 83 consecutive subjects undergoing elective major cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. The mean age of the participants was 64.9 ± 8.5 years. The majority of procedures comprised isolated CABG (N = 26, 31.3%), aortic valve procedures (N = 26, 31.3%), and mitral valve procedures (N = 12, 14.5%). A difference in calcium levels across all time points (p < 0.001) was observed, with preoperative calcium being directly associated with intraoperative VIS (r = 0.26, p = 0.016). On day 1, calcium levels were inversely associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation (r = −0.30, p = 0.007) and the length of hospital stay (r = −0.22, p = 0.049). At discharge, calcium was inversely associated with length of hospital stay (r = −0.22, p = 0.044). All calcium levels tended to be lower in those who died during the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.054). Preoperative vitamin D levels were significantly higher in those who experienced AKI during hospitalization (median 17.5, IQR 14.5–17.7, versus median 15.3, IQR 15.6–20.5, p = 0.048) Conclusion: Fluctuations in calcium levels and vitamin D may be associated with the clinical course of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In our study, hypocalcemic patients exhibited a greater severity of illness, as evidenced by elevated VIS scores, and experienced prolonged mechanical ventilation time and hospital stays. Additional larger-scale studies are required to gain a deeper understanding of their impact on cardiac performance and the process of weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, as well as to distinguish between causal and associative relationships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Potential Correlations between Calcium Metabolism Biomarkers and Periprocedural Clinical Events in Major Cardiovascular Surgeries: An Exploratory Study

Ștef,

Bodolea,

Bocșan

et al. 2024

JCM

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“…Clinical studies have demonstrated that patients with viral infections are at a high risk of developing hypocalcemia, 45 which is a risk factor for hospitalization 46 . Although COVID‐19 pneumonia presents primarily as a respiratory system disease, it may worsen or lead to cardiac events or dysfunction of other organs, including the liver and kidneys, with increasing severity, according to its clinical characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application value of lung ultrasound scoring in assessing disease severity: Evaluation of small‐scale outbreaks of COVID‐19

Han,

Ke,

Xiao

et al. 2023

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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PurposeThis study explored the use of transthoracic lung ultrasound for evaluating COVID‐19 patients, compared it with computed tomography (CT), and examined its effectiveness using 8 and 12 lung regions.MethodsA total of 100 patients with COVID‐19 and 40 healthy volunteers were assessed using 12 regions (bilateral upper/lower regions of the anterior/lateral/posterior chest) and simplified 8 zones (bilateral upper/lower regions of the anterior/lateral chest) transthoracic lung ultrasound. The relationships between ultrasound, CT, and clinical indicators were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound scores in COVID‐19.ResultsIncreased disease severity correlated with increased 8‐ and 12‐zone ultrasound and CT scores (all p < 0.05). The modified 8‐zone method strongly correlated with the 12‐zone method (Pearson's r = 0.908, p < 0.05). The 8‐ and 12‐zone methods correlated with CT scoring (correlation = 0.568 and 0.635, respectively; p < 0.05). The intragroup correlation coefficients of the 8‐zone, 12‐zone, and CT scoring methods were highly consistent (intragroup correlation coefficient = 0.718, p < 0.01). The 8‐zone ultrasound score correlated negatively with oxygen saturation (rs = 0.306, p < 0.05) and Ca (rs = 0.224, p < 0.05) and positively with IL‐6 (rs = 0.0.335, p < 0.05), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rs = 0.327, p < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (rs = 0.230, p < 0.05), and aspartate aminotransferase (rs = 0.251, p < 0.05). The 12‐zone scoring method correlated negatively with oxygen saturation (rs = 0.338, p < 0.05) and Ca (rs = 0.245, p < 0.05) and positively with IL‐6 (rs = 0.354, p < 0.05) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rs = 0.495, p < 0.05).ConclusionLung ultrasound scores represent the clinical severity and have high clinical value for diagnosing COVID‐19 pneumonia. The 8‐zone scoring method can improve examination efficiency and reduce secondary injuries caused by patient movement.

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“…In this regard, a retrospective cohort study revealed that low serum Mg levels are negatively associated with myocardial damage in patients with COVID-19 [70]. In addition, Mg deficiency may affect bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, causing respiratory dysfunction [71], which can lead to the need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and poor outcomes among patients with COVID-19 [72]. A recent study of patients admitted to the ICU indicated that hypomagnesemia was independently associated with COVID-19 severity (high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] score and lung involvement) [55].…”

Section: Low Serum Mg and Risk Of Developing Severe Covid-19 In Hospi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Magnesium Status in COVID-19

Guerrero‐Romero

Micke

Simental‐Mendía

et al. 2023

Biology

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A large amount of published research points to the interesting concept (hypothesis) that magnesium (Mg) status may have relevance for the outcome of COVID-19 and that Mg could be protective during the COVID disease course. As an essential element, Mg plays basic biochemical, cellular, and physiological roles required for cardiovascular, immunological, respiratory, and neurological functions. Both low serum and dietary Mg have been associated with the severity of COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality; both are also associated with COVID-19 risk factors such as older age, obesity, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and asthma. In addition, populations with high rates of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization tend to consume diets high in modern processed foods, which are generally low in Mg. In this review, we review the research to describe and consider the possible impact of Mg and Mg status on COVID-19 showing that (1) serum Mg between 2.19 and 2.26 mg/dL and dietary Mg intakes > 329 mg/day could be protective during the disease course and (2) inhaled Mg may improve oxygenation of hypoxic COVID-19 patients. In spite of such promise, oral Mg for COVID-19 has thus far been studied only in combination with other nutrients. Mg deficiency is involved in the occurrence and aggravation of neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19, including memory loss, cognition, loss of taste and smell, ataxia, confusion, dizziness, and headache. Potential of zinc and/or Mg as useful for increasing drug therapy effectiveness or reducing adverse effect of anti-COVID-19 drugs is reviewed. Oral Mg trials of patients with COVID-19 are warranted.

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Serum Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus Levels in Patients with COVID-19: Relationships with Poor Outcome and Mortality

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Investigating Potential Correlations between Calcium Metabolism Biomarkers and Periprocedural Clinical Events in Major Cardiovascular Surgeries: An Exploratory Study

Investigating Potential Correlations between Calcium Metabolism Biomarkers and Periprocedural Clinical Events in Major Cardiovascular Surgeries: An Exploratory Study

The application value of lung ultrasound scoring in assessing disease severity: Evaluation of small‐scale outbreaks of COVID‐19

Importance of Magnesium Status in COVID-19

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