Serum ceruloplasmin as cancer marker in oral pre-cancers and cancers

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oxidative stress leads to a compensatory increase in levels of serum ceruloplasmin in patients with such imbalances. Greater than normal serum ceruloplasmin levels are noticed in numerous cancers including the leukemias and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The purpose of the present study was to estimate and evaluate the efficacy of serum ceruloplasmin levels as a potential biomarker in the early detection of oral potentially malignant epithelial lesions (PMELs) including leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present observational study was conducted over a period of 2 years wherein 100 subjects aged between 18 to 60 years were divided into four groups with Group A consisting of 25 healthy controls, Group B and C with 25 patients each, clinically diagnosed with oral leukoplakia and OSMF and Group D with 25 patients clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven OSCC. The patients were subjected to incisional biopsy after routine hematological investigation while the same sera samples were used for analysis of serum ceruloplasmin levels. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Comparison of serum ceruloplasmin levels between the groups was performed using one way analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) test while P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean serum ceruloplasmin levels were found to be 43.19 ± 1.90mg/dl in subjects of group A, 47.68 ± 1.51mg/dl in group B, 47.74 ± 1.45mg/dl in group C and 47.73 ± 0.74mg/dl in group D. Using one-way ANOVA, statistically significant variations were found in the values of mean serum ceruloplasmin levels in subjects of the four groups (F-value = 59.58, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The observations of the present study revealed that serum ceruloplasmin levels were found to be raised in all 3 study groups including oral leukoplakia, OSMF and OSCC as compared to the controls while the results were found to be statistically significant.

Therapeutic Properties of Flavonoids in Treatment of Cancer through Autophagic Modulation: A Systematic Review

“…Despite being a subtype of head and neck cancer, oral cancer has a much higher prevalence, being the most common neoplasm in the head and neck region. (58) It accounts for 80,000 new cancer cases recorded annually, 95% of which are HNSCC subtypes. (58)(59)(60) The main factor to consider for oral cancer is its high incidence, directly related to the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and contamination by human papilloma virus (HPV), its main risk factors.…”

“…(58) It accounts for 80,000 new cancer cases recorded annually, 95% of which are HNSCC subtypes. (58)(59)(60) The main factor to consider for oral cancer is its high incidence, directly related to the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and contamination by human papilloma virus (HPV), its main risk factors. (58,61) Even though it is an easily identifi able cancer, which usually occurs early, making it treatable, oral cancer is an extremely preventable cancer, which generates a financial impact on health systems that would not have to occur.…”

“…(58)(59)(60) The main factor to consider for oral cancer is its high incidence, directly related to the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and contamination by human papilloma virus (HPV), its main risk factors. (58,61) Even though it is an easily identifi able cancer, which usually occurs early, making it treatable, oral cancer is an extremely preventable cancer, which generates a financial impact on health systems that would not have to occur. In this way, fl avonoids could be used not only to treat cancer, but also to prevent it, reducing not only health system expenses, but also the occupation of vacancies for consultations, biopsies, and the treatment itself.…”