Serum Cholesterol-Decreasing Effect of Heat-Moisture-Treated High-Amylose Cornstarch in Cholesterol-Loaded Rats

Udagawa, Haruhide; Kitaoka, Chika; Sakamoto, Tatsuaki; Kobayashi‐Hattori, Kazuo; Oishi, Yoshifumi; Arai, Soichi; Takita, Toshichika

doi:10.1271/bbb.70656

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…They reported that dietary resistant starch lost its effect on lowering serum cholesterol when there was a high level of cholesterol in the diet. Coincidently, resistant starch was not fermented in the gut when the dietary cholesterol was high in their study (8,10). Thus, any factor that may affect colonic fermentation of resistant starch should be considered for the clinical application of resistant starch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Resistant starch is indigestible in the small intestine and arrives intact in the large intestine, where it is fermented by microflora to produce short chain fatty acids , . Incorporating RS into the diet can decrease body fat storage and increase insulin sensitivity ,− in humans. However, opposite results have also been reported , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Failure to Ferment Dietary Resistant Starch in Specific Mouse Models of Obesity Results in No Body Fat Loss

Zhou¹,

Martin²,

Tulley³

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Resistant starch (RS) is a fermentable fiber that decreases dietary energy density and results in fermentation in the lower gut. The current studies examined the effect of RS on body fat loss in mice. In a 12 week study (study 1), the effect of two different types of RS on body fat was compared with two control diets (0% RS) in C57Bl/6J mice: regular control diet or the control diet that had equal energy density as the RS diet (EC). All testing diets had 7% (wt/wt) dietary fat. In a 16 week study (study 2), the effect of RS on body fat was compared with EC in C57BL/6J mice and two obese mouse models (NONcNZO10/LtJ or Non/ShiLtJ). All mice were fed control (0% RS) or 30% RS diet for 6 weeks with 7% dietary fat. On the 7 th week, the dietary fat was increased to 11% for half of the mice, and remained the same for the rest. Body weight, body fat, energy intake, energy expenditure, and oral glucose tolerance were measured during the study. At the end of the studies, the pH of cecal contents was measured as an indicator of RS fermentation. Results: Compared with EC, dietary RS decreased body fat and improved glucose tolerance in C57BL/6J mice, but not in obese mice. For other metabolic characteristics measured, the alterations by RS diet were similar for all three types of mice. The difference in dietary fat did not interfere with these results. The pH of cecal contents in RS fed mice was decreased for C57BL/6J mice but not for obese mice, implying the impaired RS fermentation in obese mice. Conclusion: 1) decreased body fat by RS is not simply due to dietary energy dilution in C57Bl/6J mice, and 2) along with their inability to ferment RS; RS fed obese mice did not lose body fat. Thus, colonic fermentation of RS might play an important role in the effect of RS on fat loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure to Ferment Dietary Resistant Starch in Specific Mouse Models of Obesity Results in No Body Fat Loss

Zhou¹,

Martin²,

Tulley³

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…They have suggested that the promotion of coprostanol excretion by RS contained in HA was involved in the serum cholesterol-lowering action. We also reported that HHA was decreased serum cholesterol level in rats fed a diet with 0.1% cholesterol, 0.1% cholic acid and 10% lard [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…However, their study differs from our study in view of the use of cholic acidunloaded diet. We investigated the effect of HHA on serum cholesterol level in rats fed a diet with 0-0.1% cholesterol, 0.1% cholic acid and 10% lard, and showed that HHA decreased serum cholesterol level in the rats fed a diet with 0.1% cholesterol [10]. In addition, our preliminary experiment of 0.25% instead of 0.1% cholic acid showed that a HHA had a lowering effect on the serum cholesterol level in rats fed on a 0.5% cholesterol and 10% lard diet (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of Serum Cholesterol Levels by Heat‐Moisture‐Treated High‐Amylose Cornstarch in Rats Fed a High‐Cholesterol Diet

Udagawa

Kitaoka

Sakamoto

et al. 2008

Lipids

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The effects of four cornstarches containing various contents of resistant starch on serum and liver cholesterol levels in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet were investigated. Male Sprague Dawley rats (aged 4 weeks) were divided into four groups (n = 7) and fed high-cholesterol diets containing 15% of cornstarch (CS), heat-moisture-treated CS (HCS), high-amylose CS (HA), or heat-moisture-treated HA (HHA) for 21 days. The results showed that the serum and hepatic level of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride in rats of the HHA group and their arteriosclerosis index were significantly higher, suggesting that HHA increases the risk of arteriosclerosis under a high-cholesterol dietary condition. No significant between-group differences were noted in the levels of plasma mevalonic acid and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase mRNA, whereas fecal cholesterol excretion was significantly higher in the HHA group, indicating that the elevation of the serum and liver cholesterol levels was not due to the promotion of liver cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol absorption in the intestine.

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“…In brief, 200 µL of serum diluted to 1:20 with saline was injected into two TSK gel LipopropakXL columns (300 × 7.8-mm; Tosoh) connected in tandem, and the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in lipoproteins separated by size were determined by using enzymatic reagents prepared by Kyowa Medex (Tokyo, Japan). Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (mg/ dL) were calculated by comparison with the total area under the chromatography curves for calibration standards of known concentrations [20].…”

Section: Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamp Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Colestimide improves glycemic control <i>via</i> hepatic glucose production in <i>db/db</i> mice

et al. 2014

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The objective of this study was to assess the chronic effects of a bile acid sequestrant, colestimide, on glucose metabolism. After db/db mice were fed a diet containing colestimide or cholic acid (CA) for 12 weeks, we investigated the impact of these agents on glucose and lipid metabolism. Colestimide significantly reduced the elevated fasting blood glucose level (p<0.01), and CA even more markedly reduced fasting blood glucose. The blood glucose level after an oral glucose load was significantly lower in the CA group than in the control group, but the colestimide group showed no significant difference. The insulin response to a glucose load was abolished in the control and colestimide groups. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study revealed that colestimide significantly improved the GIR (p=0.013). Hepatic EGP and Rd were also improved by colestimide, suggesting that it alleviated insulin resistance by suppressing hepatic glucose production and increasing peripheral glucose usage. CA significantly increased both the weight and cholesterol content of the liver, while colestimide reduced these parameters. Colestimide suppressed hepatic gene expression of SHP, but enhanced SREBP2 expression. On the other hand, CA increased the expression of SHP and lipogenic enzymes such as ACC and SCD-1, but had no effect on SREBP2. The present study demonstrated that colestimide improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, as well as reducing the hepatic lipid content. In contrast, CA exacerbates hyperlipidemia and increases the hepatic lipid content, although it improves glycemic control. Thus, colestimide is a well-balanced drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

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Serum Cholesterol-Decreasing Effect of Heat-Moisture-Treated High-Amylose Cornstarch in Cholesterol-Loaded Rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Failure to Ferment Dietary Resistant Starch in Specific Mouse Models of Obesity Results in No Body Fat Loss

Failure to Ferment Dietary Resistant Starch in Specific Mouse Models of Obesity Results in No Body Fat Loss

Increase of Serum Cholesterol Levels by Heat‐Moisture‐Treated High‐Amylose Cornstarch in Rats Fed a High‐Cholesterol Diet

Colestimide improves glycemic control <i>via</i> hepatic glucose production in <i>db/db</i> mice

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