Serum cholesterol of adults supplemented with brewer's yeast or chromium chloride

Wang, Minching M.; Fox, Elizabeth; Stoecker, Barbara J.; Menendez, Carlos E.; Chan, Sau Bin

doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(89)80059-4

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We retrieved 96 articles, of which 41 met eligibility criteria (online appendix Fig. 1 (18 -27), chromium chloride (50 -600 g/day, 15 studies) (21,22,24,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), chromium nicotinate (200 -800 g/day, 5 studies) (39 -43), and chromium picolinate (60 -1,000 g/day, 15 studies) (39,44 -57). One study did not describe the chromium formulation (400 g/day) (58).…”

Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, among studies of participants with normal glucose tolerance, brewer's yeast was significantly more likely to reduce fasting glucose than chromium chloride (Ϫ0.2 vs. ϩ0.1 mmol/l, P ϭ 0.01) and to raise HDL cholesterol than chromium picolinate (ϩ0.21 vs. Ϫ0.02, P ϭ 0.002). In the few studies that directly compared different chromium formulations, none found differences (21,22,24,27,39).…”

Section: Chromium Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

Tatsioni²,

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE -A systematic review of the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A literature search was conducted in MED-LINE and the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. Eligible studies were English language randomized controlled trials of chromium supplement intake Ն3 weeks, with Ն10 participants receiving chromium. All trials with glucose metabolism outcomes and trials of individuals with diabetes or glucose intolerance for lipid outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed as appropriate.RESULTS -Forty-one studies met criteria, almost half of which were of poor quality. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, chromium supplementation improved glycosylated hemoglobin levels by Ϫ0.6% (95% CI Ϫ0.9 to Ϫ0.2) and fasting glucose by Ϫ1.0 mmol/l (Ϫ1.4 to Ϫ0.5) but not lipids. There was no benefit in individuals without diabetes. There were some indications of dose effect and differences among chromium formulations. Larger effects were more commonly observed in poor-quality studies. The evidence was limited by poor study quality, heterogeneity in methodology and results, and a lack of consensus on assessment of chromium status.CONCLUSIONS -No significant effect of chromium on lipid or glucose metabolism was found in people without diabetes. Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes. However, future studies that address the limitations in the current evidence are needed before definitive claims can be made about the effect of chromium supplementation. Diabetes Care 30:2154-2163, 2007C hromium is an essential mineral that is thought to be necessary for normal glucose and lipid homeostasis (1-3). Trivalent chromium in a complex known as glucose tolerance factor is considered the biologically active form. It was originally discovered in brewer's yeast (4). Chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, and chromium picolinate are commonly used formulations of trivalent chromium. Chromium picolinate is a formulation designed to improve absorption (5). Severe chromium deficiency is known to cause reversible insulin resistance and diabetes (6 -8). However, the effect of chromium supplementation in individuals who are not severely chromium deficient is unclear. Manufacturers aggressively promote the benefits of chromium in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and its associated conditions (type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease), and the public has embraced its use. Chromium supplement sales represent ϳ6% of the U.S. mineral supplement market (9).To clarify the role of chromium supplementation in the prevention and management of abnormal glucose and lipid homeostasis, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on the effect of chromium supplement intake on glucose metabolism and lipid profile. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Literature search and eligibility criteriaWe conducted a systematic review of the English-language literature on the effects of chromium supplementa...

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Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chromium Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

Tatsioni²,

et al. 2007

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“…Wang et al (1989) demonstrated the possibility of blood lowering cholesterol in humans when their diets are supplemented with brewer's yeast, but results of studies by Li (1994) and Trow et al (2000) did not confirm this. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and to compare the influence of dried, spent brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and insoluble β-glucans (isolated from these yeast) on selected indices of lipid metabolism in blood and liver in rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of spent brewer’s yeast and biological β-glucans on selected parameters of lipid metabolism in blood and liver in rats

Waszkiewicz-Robak¹,

Bartnikowska²

2009

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The influence of model atherogenic diet enriched with dried, spent brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or insoluble β-glucans, isolated from these yeast on selected indices of lipid metabolism was studied in 4 groups of 7-8 growing rats. Animals were fed a control diet (without any supplements) or diet enriched with spent brewer's yeast (daily dose: 50 mg/kg of body mass) and β-glucans (daily dose 10 or 100 mg/kg of body mass) for 6 weeks. The diets supplemented with both additives were more effective in lowering concentration of serum total cholesterol as well as LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols in experimental rats than the control diet. In conclusion, feeding rats with dried, spent brewer's yeast or β-glucans may significantly reduce cholesterol accumulation in liver.

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“…Chromium induced a reduction in cholesterol in vitro [22] and in vivo [23,24]. In addition, vanadium effectively lowered hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats [25]. The level of HDL-c/LDL-c ratio was higher significantly in rats that inhaled coal dust at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 mg/m 3 compared with the control rats (p<0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%