Serum choline plasmalogens, particularly those with oleic acid in sn-2, are associated with proatherogenic state

Plasma/Serum Plasmalogens

“…Asymptomatic subjects (n ¼ 428; 362 males and 66 females; age, 22-66 years) referred for routine health examination were enrolled [41]. Clinical and serum biochemical findings were classified by age (<39 and !40) and gender ( Table 7).…”

【Original Contribution】 Plasma and Erythrocyte Membrane Plasmalogen Diminished in Severe Atherosclerotic Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy

“…Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of senile dementia, and oxidative stress in human brain plays a pivotal role which triggers -amyloid deposition mediating neuroinflammation 12) . This line of evidence indicates that agedependent diseases such as dementia and atherosclerosis are characterized by oxidative stress and subsequent chronic inflammation under the derangement of redox condition 13) , and that plasmalogen may play a protective role against oxidative stress leading to chronic inflammation 8,9) .…”

Extrinsic effectors regulating genes for plasmalogen biosynthetic enzymes in HepG2 cells

“…Our clinical observational studies indicated that serum levels of Pls, particularly PlsCho were significantly but negatively associated with diverse risk factors for metabolic syndrome and/or atherosclerosis. Furthermore, PlsCho showed the stronger positive correlation with HDL cholesterol concentration than PlsEtn [14,15]. Pitavastatin is a strong HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and is more potent than other statins in lowering serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides with modest elevation of HDL cholesterol [35].…”

“…Our research lab and other investigators have demonstrated in clinical observational studies that low levels of plasma Pl are a risk factor for atherosclerosis and dementia [14][15][16][17][18]. Serum levels of Pl showed a strong positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration [14,15], suggesting that Pls may be involved in metabolism or HDL functions. Accordingly, we attempted to increase the levels of plasma Pls as a preventative strategy for diseases associated with oxidative stress and aging.…”

“…To investigate the clinical significance of plasma Pls, we developed three promising analytical methods [10][11][12][13]. Our research lab and other investigators have demonstrated in clinical observational studies that low levels of plasma Pl are a risk factor for atherosclerosis and dementia [14][15][16][17][18]. Serum levels of Pl showed a strong positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration [14,15], suggesting that Pls may be involved in metabolism or HDL functions.…”