Serum Chromium and Gestational Diabetes

Abstract

Objective: To prospectively assess if chromium levels are different in gestational diabetics than in nondiabetic pregnant women. Therapeutic options could exist if levels are different.Methods: We conducted a 2-year prospective, gestational cohort study. The cohort included newly diagnosed pregnant patients. Two blood samples were taken, the first at consent, the second at the time of diabetes screening.Results: Five hundred eighty patients entered the cohort. One hundred fifty-five were lost to follow up and 425 patients completed the study (396 nondiabetics and 29 diabetics). The patients with gestational diabetes were significantly older, with a family history of gestational diabetes, and were significantly more likely to have been a gestational diabetic in a previous pregnancy (P < 05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for chromium levels both at enrollment (0.15 ؎ 0.06 ng/mL vs 0.14 ؎ 0.03 ng/mL; P ‫؍‬ .28) and during the second trimester (0.14 ؎ 0.06 ng/mL vs 0.14 ؎ 0.04 ng/mL; P ‫؍‬ .82).Conclusion: Serum chromium levels do not exhibit any significant variation between gestational diabetic women and nondiabetic women when assessed prospectively.

Magnesium, zinc, and chromium levels in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes

“…Al-Jedda et al and Karagun reported that the levels of chromium in children with type 1 diabetes were significantly lower than those in control subjects [21,22]. In contrast, no significant variations appeared in the levels of serum chromium between gestational diabetic women and non-diabetic women when assessed prospectively [23]. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Asia is rare and less than that in Western countries, but the habits of lifestyle and food consumption are also different.…”

Urinary chromium loss associated with diabetes is offset by increases in absorption

“…Women with gestational diabetes have increased levels of Cr in hair [49]. Women with gestational diabetes have equivalent levels of plasma Cr compared to non-diabetic pregnant women [50], yet the concentration of plasma Cr does not correlate with the glucose tolerance of these women [51]. Data is needed on Cr absorption in pregnant subjects to determine whether they can maintain Cr balance.…”

Gestasyonel Diyabetik ve Nondiyabetik Gebelerin Glukoz, Lipid, Krom Seviyelerinin Sağlıklı Gruplara Göre Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi

“…Tip 2 DM ve krom arasında ki ilişkiye yönelik yapılan bu çalışmalarda; krom düzeylerinin, Tip 2 DM'li hastalarda düşük olduğu ve krom takviyesinin de sınırlı bir etki ortaya koyduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Diğer bir taraftan ise; DM'nin gebelikte gözlenen türü olan GDM'de ise, krom düzeyleri ile ilgili çelişkili yayınlar vardır [27][28][29][30][31][32] GDM'li bireylerde insülin duyarlılığındaki azalmanın özellikle gebeliğin son döneminde artarak %40'lara ulaştığı rapor edilmektedir [36]. Literatürde yer alan çalışmalarla kromun insülinin etkisini artırıcı rol oynadığı ve bu fonksiyonu; insülin reseptörüne bağlanarak, tirozin kinaz aktivitesi üzerinden gerçekleştirdiği belirtilmektedir Bununla birlikte Krom-insülin kompleksi verilen farelerde, Krom-insülin kompleksinin insülin klerensini azalttığı ve ubikitin-proteazom yolunu baskılayarak, insulin reseptor substrat (IRS)-1 ve IRS-2'nin yapısının bozulmasını önleyerek insülinin hücre içi sinyalinizasyonunu artırdığı belirtilmektedir [38].…”