Serum concentration and mRNA expression in milk somatic cells of toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor 4, and cytokines in dairy cows following intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli

Ma, Jiaze; Zhu, Yaohong; Zhang, L.; Zhuge, Zengyu; Liu, P.Q.; Yan, Xing‐Gang; Gao, Huige; Wang, J.F.

doi:10.3168/jds.2011-4167

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…By 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h similar to those of others [26, 27]. Rectal temperature returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge as observed by Scaletti and Harmon [27].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

Moyes

Larsen

Sørensen

et al. 2014

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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BackgroundThe objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during IMI challenge with Escherichia coli (E. coli) for dairy cows during early lactation. Thirty, healthy primiparous Holstein cows were infused (h = 0) with ~20-40 cfu of live E. coli into one front mammary quarter at ~4-6 wk in lactation. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. At –12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E. coli. Composite milk samples were collected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge (h = 0) and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), somatic cell count, fat, protein, lactose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free glucose (fglu), and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Blood was collected at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, 72, 84, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHBA and glucose concentration. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of IMI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation.ResultsBy 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge. Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased (P <0.05) by 1 and 2 d, respectively, after mastitis challenge. Plasma BHBA decreased (12 h; P <0.05) from 0.96 ± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57 ± 0.64 mmol/L by 18 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA (18 h) and glucose (24 h) were significantly greater, 11 and 27%, respectively, after challenge. In milk, fglu, lactose, citrate, fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6P were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values.ConclusionsChanges in metabolites in blood and milk were most likely associated with drops in feed intake and milk yield. However, the early rise in plasma NEFA may also signify enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis. Lower concentrations of plasma BHBA may be attributed to an increase transfer into milk after IMI. Decreases in both milk lactose yield and % after challenge may be partly attributed to reduced conversion of fglu to lactose. Rises in G6P yield and concentration in milk after challenge (24 h) may signify increased conversion of fglu to G6P. Results identify changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk after IMI challenge with E. coli in dairy cows that may partly explain the partitioning of nutrients and changes in milk components after IMI for cows during early lactation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

Moyes

Larsen

Sørensen

et al. 2014

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…In particular, we noted the transcriptional activation of key pattern recognition pathways, including the TLR, NLR, and RIG-I pathways, which likely drive the observed proinflammatory response. The involvement of TLR signaling (particularly TLR2 and TLR4) in the host response to mastitis is well-documented (Buitenhuis et al 2011; Ma et al 2011; Mitterhuemer et al 2010; Porcherie et al 2012; Whelehan et al 2011); however, less is known about the involvement of the NLR and RIG-I pathways (Moyes et al 2009). Interestingly, the RIG-I pathway is classically associated with viral RNA recognition; however, recent findings suggest that RIG-I can also recognize nucleic acids released by invasive bacteria and trigger IFN-β and inflammasome activation (Abdullah et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA Regulation of Bovine Monocyte Inflammatory and Metabolic Networks in anIn VivoInfection Model

Lawless

Reinhardt

Bryan

et al. 2014

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Bovine mastitis is an inflammation-driven disease of the bovine mammary gland that costs the global dairy industry several billion dollars per year. Because disease susceptibility is a multifactorial complex phenotype, an integrative biology approach is required to dissect the molecular networks involved. Here, we report such an approach using next-generation sequencing combined with advanced network and pathway biology methods to simultaneously profile mRNA and miRNA expression at multiple time points (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr) in milk and blood FACS-isolated CD14+ monocytes from animals infected in vivo with Streptococcus uberis. More than 3700 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in milk-isolated monocytes (MIMs), a key immune cell recruited to the site of infection during mastitis. Upregulated genes were significantly enriched for inflammatory pathways, whereas downregulated genes were enriched for nonglycolytic metabolic pathways. Monocyte transcriptional changes in the blood, however, were more subtle but highlighted the impact of this infection systemically. Genes upregulated in blood-isolated monocytes (BIMs) showed a significant association with interferon and chemokine signaling. Furthermore, 26 miRNAs were DE in MIMs and three were DE in BIMs. Pathway analysis revealed that predicted targets of downregulated miRNAs were highly enriched for roles in innate immunity (FDR < 3.4E−8), particularly TLR signaling, whereas upregulated miRNAs preferentially targeted genes involved in metabolism. We conclude that during S. uberis infection miRNAs are key amplifiers of monocyte inflammatory response networks and repressors of several metabolic pathways.

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“…However, expression of both TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA increased in bovine mammary (Ibeagha-Awemu et al 2008, Ma et al 2011 and endometrial epithelial cells (Fu et al 2013) stimulated with LPS. Furthermore, these studies indicate that TLR4 is present on cells other than leukocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPS-mediated effects and spatio-temporal expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the bovine corpus luteum

Lüttgenau¹,

Herzog²,

Strüve³

et al. 2016

Reproduction

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When given intravenously (iv), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transiently suppresses the structure and function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). This is associated with increased release of prostaglandin (PG) F 2a metabolite. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of this process remain, however, obscure. Therefore, the aims of this study were: i) to investigate the expression of the LPS receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and 2 (TLR2) in the bovine CL during early, mid-and late luteal phases; and ii) to further dissect the mechanisms of LPS-mediated suppression of luteal function. As revealed by semi-quantitative qPCR and immunohistochemistry, both receptors were detectable throughout the luteal lifespan. Their mRNA levels increased from the early toward the mid-luteal phase; no further changes were observed thereafter. The TLR4 protein seemed more highly represented than TLR2. The cellular localization of TLRs was in blood vessels; weaker signals were observed in luteal cells. Additionally, cows were treated either with LPS (iv, 0.5 mg/kg BW) or with saline on Day 10 after ovulation. Samples were collected 1200 h after treatment and on Day 10 of the respective subsequent (untreated) cycle. The mRNA expression of several possible regulatory factors was investigated, revealing the suppression of PGF 2a receptor (PTGFR), STAR protein and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, compared with controls and subsequent cycles. The expression of TLR2 and TLR4, interleukin 1a (IL1A) and 1b (IL1B) and of PGF 2a and PGE 2 synthases (HSD20A and mPTGES respectively) was increased. The results demonstrate the presence of TLR2 and TLR4 in the bovine CL, and implicate their possible involvement in the deleterious effects of LPS on its function.

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Serum concentration and mRNA expression in milk somatic cells of toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor 4, and cytokines in dairy cows following intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

MicroRNA Regulation of Bovine Monocyte Inflammatory and Metabolic Networks in anIn VivoInfection Model

LPS-mediated effects and spatio-temporal expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the bovine corpus luteum

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