Serum concentration of acute phase proteins and cytokines in vaccinated pigs challenged with foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the kinetics of acute phase proteins and cytokines in the serum of immunized or naive pigs following infection with a field isolate of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. Five-month-old SPF pigs were intramuscularly immunized with or without the 146S antigen (7.5 μg per head) purified from FMD virus (O/Andong/SKR/2010) and were subsequently challenged 30 days post-vaccination (dpv) with FMD virus on each footpad. Serum samples were obtained at 28 dpv and on days 1, 3, and 5 post-infection (dpi). At 28 dpv, the serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were higher in the immunized pigs compared with the non-immunized control pigs. Upon challenge, the levels of all measured acute phase proteins (i.e., C-reactive protein, major acute phase protein, S-amyloid A, and haptoglobin) plateaued at 1 dpi in the immunized pigs whereas they gradually increased up to 5 dpi in the non-immunized control pigs. Levels of serum TNF-α remained higher in the immunized challenged pigs compared with the non-immunized challenged pigs. The serum concentration of interleukin (IL)-6 in the immunized challenged pigs was undetectable at all time points, but moderately increased upon challenge in the non-immunized challenged pigs. IL-1β was not detected in any of the pigs at any of the observed time points. Collectively, these findings show that the immunized pigs exhibit a rapid serum acute phase protein response following subsequent challenge with the field FMD virus compared with the non-immunized pigs.

Role of oregano and Citrus species-based essential oil preparation for the control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens

“…Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein is a moderate acute-phase protein that is secreted from the hepatocytes in response to inflammation or infection. Increased levels of the acute-phase proteins, including alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, in the blood serve to restore the disturbed homeostatic conditions during healing [ 26 ]. However, this process negatively affects production performance, as elevated acute-phase protein levels require energy expenditure [ 27 ].…”

Digestible threonine-to-lysine ratio for piglets under health challenge

“…The increasing Thr/Lys ratios influenced the haptoglobin content in the piglets up to the estimated ratio of 0.74; demonstrating the threonine requirements, in situations of greater sanitary challenge, can be altered, due to increased of intestinal mucus production and increased production of acute-phase proteins; e.g., haptoglobin. Detection of acute phase proteins can be used to monitor stress, inflammatory and infectious processes in the pig (Lee et al, 2019).…”

“…Serum urea analyses were carried out by the UV enzymatic technique, using commercial kits (K 056, Bioclin ® ) in accordance with the procedures described by Lee et al (2019).…”

Acute Phase Proteins as Biomarkers in Perspective to Animal Diseases Diagnosis

“…In case of chronic injury, substantial injury and recovery of injured tissue trigger a continuous inflammatory response (Chung et al 2010). At the same time, another response is produced by the liver to produce plasma proteins known as acute phase proteins (APPs) (Cray et al 2009;Lee et al 2019).…”

“…Cytokines are the primary protein hormones that causes production of APPs by communicating between site of injury and liver. Almost all the cytokines have multiple sources from where they are produced and multiple targets on which they act to produce their response (Petersen et al 2004;Musolino et al 2017;Lee et al 2019). Almost all the species produce them like mammals, fishes, and birds.…”