Serum Concentration of Vitamin D in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus

Družijanić, Ana; Cigić, Livia; Glavina, Ana; Draganja, Mirna; Martinović, Dinko; Ković, Mare

doi:10.15644/asc57/3/7

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Additionally, it exhibits antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties, while demonstrating a suppressive impact on T-helper 1 immune response. Potential positive effects of its supplementation in OLP patients have been found [162][163][164].…”

Section: (Non-thyroid) Hormonal and Metabolic Potential Contributors ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossroads between Skin and Endocrine Glands: The Interplay of Lichen Planus with Thyroid Anomalies

Radu,

Carsote,

Nistor

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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In this narrative review, we aimed to overview the interplay between lichen planus (LP) and thyroid conditions (TCs) from a dual perspective (dermatologic and endocrine), since a current gap in understanding LP-TC connections is found so far and the topic is still a matter of debate. We searched PubMed from Inception to October 2023 by using the key terms “lichen planus” and “thyroid”, (alternatively, “endocrine” or “hormone”). We included original clinical studies in humans according to three sections: LP and TC in terms of dysfunction, autoimmunity, and neoplasia. Six studies confirmed an association between the thyroid dysfunction (exclusively hypothyroidism) and LP/OL (oral LP); of note, only one study addressed cutaneous LP. The sample size of LP/OLP groups varied from 12–14 to 1500 individuals. Hypothyroidism prevalence in OLP was of 30–50%. A higher rate of levothyroxine replacement was identified among OLP patients, at 10% versus 2.5% in controls. The highest OR (odd ratio) of treated hypothyroidism amid OLP was of 2.99 (p < 0.005). Hypothyroidism was confirmed to be associated with a milder OLP phenotype in two studies. A single cohort revealed a similar prevalence of hypothyroidism in LP versus non-LP. Non-confirmatory studies (only on OLP, not cutaneous LP) included five cohorts: a similar prevalence of hypothyroidism among OLP versus controls, and a single cohort showed that the subjects with OLP actually had a lower prevalence of hypothyroidism versus controls (1% versus 4%). Positive autoimmunity in LP/OLP was confirmed in eight studies; the size of the cohorts varied, for instance, with 619 persons with LP and with 76, 92, 105, 108, 192, 247, and 585 patients (a total of 1405) with OLP, respectively; notably, the largest control group was of 10,441 individuals. Four clusters of approaches with respect to the autoimmunity in LP/OLP were found: an analysis of HT/ATD (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis/autoimmune thyroid diseases) prevalence; considerations over the specific antibody levels; sex-related features since females are more prone to autoimmunity; and associations (if any) with the clinical aspects of LP/OLP. HT prevalence in OLP versus controls was statistically significantly higher, as follows: 19% versus 5%; 12% versus 6%; and 20% versus 9.8%. A single study addressing LP found a 12% rate of ATDs. One study did not confirm a correlation between OLP-associated clinical elements (and OLP severity) and antibody values against the thyroid, and another showed that positive TPOAb (anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies) was more often found in erosive than non-erosive OLP (68% versus 33%). Just the reverse, one cohort found that OLP subjects had a statistically significantly lower rate of positive TPOAb versus controls (9% versus 15%). Five case-control studies addressed the issue of levothyroxine replacement for prior hypothyroidism in patients that were diagnosed with OLP (no study on LP was identified); three of them confirmed a higher rate of this treatment in OLP (at 8.9%, 9.7%, and 10.6%) versus controls. In conclusion, with regard to LP/OLP-TC, we note several main aspects as practical points for multidisciplinary practitioners: OLP rather than LP requires thyroid awareness; when it comes to the type of thyroid dysfunction, mostly, hypothyroidism should be expected; female patients are more prone to be associated with ATDs; a potential higher ratio of OLP subjects taking levothyroxine was found, thus a good collaboration with an endocrinology team is mandatory; and so far, OLP individuals have not been confirmed to be associated with a higher risk of thyroid nodules/cancer.

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Section: (Non-thyroid) Hormonal and Metabolic Potential Contributors ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossroads between Skin and Endocrine Glands: The Interplay of Lichen Planus with Thyroid Anomalies

Radu,

Carsote,

Nistor

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Role of Vitamin D in Oral Lichen Planus: A Case Control Study

García-Pola,

Rodríguez-Fonseca

2024

Nutrients

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Background: It has been reported that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with the development of oral lichen planus (OLP). Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in many countries, we sought to determine whether it constitutes a comorbidity of OLP. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients clinically and histologically diagnosed with OLP were evaluated for their serum vitamin D levels. The results were compared to results from a control series of the same number of subjects matched for age and sex. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 45% (n = 54) of OLP patients and in 26.7% (n = 32) of the control group. Vitamin D supplements were being taken by 32 (26.7%) OLP patients and 15 (12.5%) subjects in the control group. A multivariate logistic regression model showed that OLP was associated with vitamin D deficiency [OR: 2.24 (1.28–3.98, p = 0.005)] and vitamin D supplementation [OR: 2.51 (1.25–5.22, p = 0.011)], even after controlling for confounding variables such as sex, age ≤60>, tobacco, and alcohol. Conclusion: The association between OLP patients and vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D supplementation suggests that further research might explore the benefits of vitamin D supplements in managing OLP patients.

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Serum Concentration of Vitamin D in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Crossroads between Skin and Endocrine Glands: The Interplay of Lichen Planus with Thyroid Anomalies

Crossroads between Skin and Endocrine Glands: The Interplay of Lichen Planus with Thyroid Anomalies

Role of Vitamin D in Oral Lichen Planus: A Case Control Study

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