Serum concentrations and gene expression of sirtuin 1 in healthy and slightly overweight subjects after caloric restriction or resveratrol supplementation: A randomized trial

Motlagh

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

This trial evaluated the potential impacts of saffron aqueous extract (SAE) and its main carotenoid on some of the atherosclerosis-related gene expression and serum levels of oxidized low-density cholesterol (ox-LDL) and Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Participants of this randomized controlled trial included 84 CAD patients who categorized into three groups: Group 1 received crocin (30 mg/day), Group 2 SAE (30 mg/day), and Group 3 placebo for 8 weeks. Gene expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX1), nuclear factor kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and MCP-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells assessed by real-time PCR. Furthermore, serum ox-LDL and MCP-1 levels measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. Compared with the placebo group, gene expression of SIRT1 and AMPK increased significantly in the crocin group(p = .001), and the expression of LOX1 and NF-κB decreased significantly (p = .016 and .004, respectively). Serum ox-LDL levels decreased significantly in the crocin group after the intervention (p = .002) while MCP-1 levels decreased both in crocin and SAE groups (p = .001). Crocin may have beneficial effects on CAD patients by increasing the gene expression of SIRT1 and AMPK and decreasing the expression of LOX1 and NF-κB. K E Y W O R D SAMPK, coronary artery disease, crocin, LOX1, NF-κB, SIRT1

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of crocin and saffron aqueous extract on gene expression of SIRT1, AMPK, LOX1, NF‐κB, and MCP‐1 in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Motlagh

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

“…To our knowledge, there is no evidence that sirtuin activity in blood represents sirtuins leaking out of solid organs (skeletal and cardiac muscle). It has previously been shown that sirtuin levels in blood correlate with different organ dysfunctions like coronary heart disease in obese patients [8][9][10]62] or type 1 and type 2 diabetes [11]. Exercise leads to metabolic stress in different organs and it would not ethically be sound to take biopsies from multiple organs in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acetylation level of the mitochondrial proteome is 65% [7] which makes these proteins amenable to regulation by sirtuins. Blood levels of sirtuins were shown to correlate with several organ dysfunctions like coronary heart disease in obese patients [8][9][10] or type 1 and type 2 diabetes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Nutrition on Short-Term Exercise-Induced Sirtuin Regulation: Vegans Differ from Omnivores and Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians

et al. 2020

Both nutrition and exercise are known to affect metabolic regulation in humans. Sirtuins are essential regulators of cellular energy metabolism; SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 have a direct effect on glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation. This cross-sectional study investigates the effect of different diets on exercise-induced regulation of sirtuins. SIRT1 and SIRT3–SIRT5 were measured in blood from omnivorous, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and vegan recreational runners (21–25 subjects, respectively) before and after exercise at the transcript, protein, and enzymatic levels. SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT5 enzyme activities increased during exercise in omnivores and lacto-ovo vegetarians, commensurate with increased energy demand. However, activities decreased in vegans. Malondialdehyde as a surrogate marker of oxidative stress inversely correlated with sirtuin activities and was elevated in vegans after exercise compared to both other groups. A significant negative correlation of all sirtuins with the intake of the antioxidative substances, ascorbate and tocopherol, was found. In vegan participants, increased oxidative stress despite higher amounts of the antioxidative substances in the diet was observed after exercise.

“…Nevertheless, a well-designed study, proper sample size, and a scientific evaluation system are also needed. Furthermore, although resveratrol is well-tolerated and safe as reported by most of the clinical trials, very few adverse effects (e.g., nausea and diarrhea) were observed, as well as some unfavorable results like an increase in total cholesterol, ApoB, the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score, fasting blood glucose, body fat, and the inflammatory markers [15,114,118]. Interestingly, resveratrol was reported to mask the exercise training-induced benefits, blunting the improved cardiovascular health parameters [58].…”

Section: Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There are certain encouraging outcomes reported. Specifically, resveratrol intake (500 mg/day for 30 days) was demonstrated to reduce CVD risk factors by increasing SIRT1, enhancing total antioxidant capacity in healthy individuals, decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoB, and oxidized LDL [113][114][115]. Moreover, resveratrol prevented bone density loss (500 mg/day for 6 months) in type-2 diabetic patients [116].…”

Section: Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits and Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol: A Narrative Review

Meng

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2020

Foods

232

144

Resveratrol is a bioactive compound in many foods. Since its anticancer activity was reported in 1997, its health benefits have been intensively investigated. Resveratrol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, glucose and lipid regulatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective effects, therefore, can protect against diverse chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, liver diseases, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. This review summarizes the main findings of resveratrol-related health benefits in recent epidemiological surveys, experimental studies, and clinical trials, highlighting its related molecular mechanisms. Resveratrol, therefore, has been regarded as a potent candidate for the development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat certain chronic diseases. Foods 2020, 9, 340 Iranian (Tehranian)/Iran Cross-sectional study, part of the TLG study N = 2618 (male, 1162; female, 1456) Quartiles: Q1: 0.014 mg/day Q2: 0.015-0.027 mg/day Q3: 0.028-0.053 mg/day Q4: 0.054 mg/day (FFQ on a daily frequency, 1 year prior) Null: Significantly associated with WC, TG, HDL, BG, and MS Unfavorable: The top quantile of intake (0.054 mg/day and more) was positively associated with high BP (HR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.02-2.27) [19] Spanish/Spain Cross-sectional study, part of the PREDIMED study N = 1000 (male, 479; female, 521) Quintiles: Q1: 0.48 mg/day Q2: 1.04 mg/day Q3: 2.04 mg/day Q4: 5.75 mg/day (FFQ, 1 year prior) Favorable: Significantly decreased CVD risk factors (FBG (95% CI: −1.033 to −0.033); TG (95% CI: −1.998 to −0.029); and heart rate (95% CI: −0.467 to −0.087)). Null: Resveratrol intake was not significantly associated with TC, HDL, LDL and BP [6] Spanish/Spain Cross-sectional study, part of the PREDIMED study N = 7172 (male, 3249; female, 3923) Quintiles: Q1: 0.48 mg/d Q2: 1.04 mg/d Q3: 2.04 mg/day Q4: 5.75 mg/day (FFQ, 1 year prior) Favorable: High dose intake (5.75 mg/d) significantly reduced all-cause mortality by 52% (HR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.25-0.91) Null: No significant CVD risk reduction (HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.35-1.72) [21,22] Swedish/Sweden Case-control study N = 1400 (case, 594 including (OAC, 181; OSCC, 158; JAC, 255)) (control, 806) Control: 0.1 mg/day OAC: 0.07 mg/day OSCC: 0.11 mg/day JAC: 0.09 mg/day (FFQ, 20 years prior) Favorable: In a significantly negative association with the risk of 3 subtypes of esophageal cancer (OAC (95% CI: 0.12-0.49); OSCC (95% CI: 0.15-0.65), and JAC (95% CI: 0.28-0.84)) [5] Italian/Italy Cohort study, "Aging in the Chianti Region" N = 529 (male, 236; female, 293) Tertiles: T1: 0.1 mg/day T2: 0.1-1.1 mg/day T3: >1.1 mg/day (FFQ) Favorable: Inversely associated with the risk of frailty syndrome during the first 3-year follow-up (T3 vs. T1: OR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03-0.45) Null: No substantial association with (i) risk of frailty syndrome in 6-, or 9-year follow-up; (ii) inflammatory biomarkers including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CRP; (iii) CVD, cancer or all-cause mortality [18] Chinese/Chin...