Serum Copper and Protein-Calorie Malnutrition in the Fes Area (Morocco)

Houssaini, Fatima Zahra Squali; Arnaud, Josiane; Richard, M J; Renversez, Jean‐Charles; Hassani, Bahar; Favier, A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0167-5_29

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Unlike the trace elements, over 40% of malnourished children with KWO and MAR exhibited an increase in SOD activity compared with their control subjects. These results are somewhat different from others, who reported either decrease (Golden & Ramdath, 1987) or no change (Sive et al, 1993;Houssaini et al, 1997) in the presence of PEM. Our results, however, are in agreement with experimental studies showing a signi®cant increase in red cell SOD in rats with PEM (Rana et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore the children with MAR had plasma levels of Zn either unaffected or elevated, while Cu status was depressed in malnourished children. The present study, however, failed to demonstrate any positive correlations between the trace elements and SOD activity in children with either KWO or MAR; these results are in agreement with Houssaini et al, (1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…An oxidative haemolysis has been suggested to be a possible mechanism for erythrocyte destruction leading to the PEM-associated anaemia (Golden & Ramdath, 1987). This hypothesis is supported by reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes (Vertongen et al, 1981;Sive et al, 1993;Subotzky et al, 1992;Houssaini et al, 1997) and their cofactors found in patients with PEM. Therefore, erythrocyte copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu ± Zn, SOD) and selenium-glutathione peroxidase (GPX) along with plasma concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) have been reported to be low in malnourished subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Antioxidant status in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) living in Cairo, Egypt

Ashour

El-Gadban

et al. 1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: Free radicals are implicated in many diseases. The rise in free radicals associated with antioxidant de®ciency results in tissue damage. The pathogenesis of oedema and anaemia commonly found in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) has been suggested to be caused by an imbalance between the production of toxic radicals and their safe disposal. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant status in children with PEM. Design: A total of 68 children (age range: 3 months to 3 years) living in Cairo, Egypt were recruited. Forty-six of these subjects had different degrees of PEM; they were admitted at the Abo-Elrish Hospital, Cairo. Of these, 26 children had kwashiorkor (KWO) and twenty had marasmus (MAR). Twenty-two age and sex matched healthy well-nourished children were recruited from the local community, and used as controls. Methods: The antioxidant status of the study population was determined by measuring copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu ± Zn, SOD) in red blood cells, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in whole blood, and ceruloplasmin in plasma. In addition, the plasma levels of trace-elements involving antioxidant activities, such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) were determined, along with a select group of vitamins. The latter included vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E (a-tocopherol) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Results: The mean whole blood GPX activity along with plasma levels of vitamins A, E and C as well as ceruloplasmin, Cu and Se were all lower in children with either KWO or MAR than their corresponding control subjects. The erythrocyte SOD activity, on the other hand, was increased while the plasma Zn concentrations were either increased or not changed in the malnourished children. It was of interest that while haemoglobin concentrations were decreased, the plasma free iron (Fe) levels were signi®cantly increased in children with KWO. Conclusions: The signi®cant increase in red cell SOD activity associated with the decrease in plasma ceruloplasmin, antioxidant vitamins and the whole blood GPX activity in PEM children suggest that these children are potentially susceptible to high oxidative stress. An elevated plasma Fe concentrations, especially with KWO may augment the harmful effect of free radicals with a clinical consequence of oedema. Sponsorship: This study was ®nancially supported by The

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Antioxidant status in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) living in Cairo, Egypt

Ashour

El-Gadban

et al. 1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…In this section, we develop the method used to discretize the Maxwell equations. Two methods can be used (Benoit et al 1995, Lakhliai 1996, Chenouni 1996. The first concerns the propagation equation for the vector potential of the electromagnetic field.…”

Section: Motion Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of electromagnetic wave propagation in twisted birefringent layers by the spectral moments method

Lakhliai

Chenouni²,

Benoît

et al. 1996

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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This paper presents a first attempt at using the spectral moments method (SMM) to solve Maxwell's equations in twisted anisotropic media in the presence of defects. This numerical method, previously developed in condensed matter physics, allows computation of Green functions for very large systems. The dynamic matrix of the discretized system is built from the medium parameters. Green functions, calculated for a given source, representing a point source at infinity and given receiver, are developed as a continued fraction whose coefficients are related to the moments and directly computed from the dynamic matrix. In this study we compute the light transmitted through thin surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cells with a chevron structure and a twisted director distribution. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are analysed by comparing the results obtained by SMM with the analytical solution obtained using the Jones matrix formalism. Finally, we apply SMM to compute the transmitted light with different director configurations. We show, by comparisons with experimental data, that the simplest director configuration is certainly the most probable.

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Serum Copper and Protein-Calorie Malnutrition in the Fes Area (Morocco)

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Antioxidant status in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) living in Cairo, Egypt

Antioxidant status in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) living in Cairo, Egypt

Numerical study of electromagnetic wave propagation in twisted birefringent layers by the spectral moments method

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