Serum Electrolyte Levels among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Sana’a City, Yemen

Alqubaty, Abdulhabib R.; Alhaj, Ali; Al-Qadasi, Farouk Abdulrahman

doi:10.21608/zumj.2021.85197.2280

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This insignificant elevation of chloride in our test participants is similar to the reports of Engwa et al [36], and Santhosh et al [25], which reported an insignificant increase in It is known that diabetic ketoacidosis; insufficient insulin in the body leading to excessive production of blood acids causes hyperchloremia [36]. These blood acids known as ketone causes hyperchloremia by disrupting the acid-base balance thus reducing the blood pH [31]. Furthermore, metabolic acidosis (excessive reduction of bicarbonate from the blood) was observed in our test participants i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The test participants experienced a decrease in Na + level in the blood (hyponatraemia) which can be attributed to their hyperglycemic condition, which caused osmotic diuresis. Here their bodies retained too much water that diluted the amount of sodium in the blood resulting in the low level of sodium [31]. Our result on the decrease in sodium level in the test participants agrees with the studies of Al-Jameil [32], Wang et al [33], Talabani [26], and Woyese et al [2] that all reported decrease in Na+ levels in diabetic patients when compared to nondiabetic patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Here, the level of serum K + has reduced due to its passage along with glucose taken up from insulin treatment through the cell membrane [34]. Our result agrees with Al-Jameil [32], Ugwuja & Eze, [35], Hasona & Elasbali, [29], and Ramadan et al [34], but disagrees with Engwa et al [36], and Alqubaty et al [31] that reported an increase in both Na + and K + levels in diabetic patients. The elevated level of serum chloride (hyperchloremia) in the test participants when compared to that of the control in our study could be a result of hypertonicity (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Comparative Evaluation of Plasma Lipid Profile and Electrolytes in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals Attending Healthcare Checkup in Everight Laboratory in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Ugwu¹,

Anyanwu²,

E-Okereke³

et al. 2022

JAMPS

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar which poses a serious challenge to public health globally. The measurement of blood sugar levels, serum lipid profiles, and electrolytes are essential in determining one's vulnerability to developing diabetic-related complications such as cardiovascular diseases. Aim: This was a comparative cross-sectional study designed to assess the dyslipidemia and electrolyte imbalance status of diabetic individuals attending routine healthcare checkups in Everight Diagnostic and Laboratory Services Limited, Owerri branch, using plasma lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate) as markers. Methodology: A total of 120 participants consisting of 60 diabetics and 60 non-diabetic individuals were pooled for this study. From both groups, plasma samples upon centrifugation were used for the analyses of glucose, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol using Erba XL-200 auto biochemistry analyzer, and plasma Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), and Bicarbonate (HCO3-) using Audicom (AC9900) ion selective electrode (ISE) analyzer. Statistical analysis was carried out using version 20.0 and p- values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The demographic characteristics of the study population show 53% women, 47% men, and average age of 51.28. The fasting plasma glucose level of diabetic subjects (175.96 ± 91.62 mg/dL) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the non-diabetic group (99.54 ± 11.50 mg/dL). More so, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between levels of TC (212.9 ± 56.65 mg/dL), TG (165.61 ± 89.05 mg/dL), and LDL-C (130. 59 ± 47.18 mg/dL) amongst diabetic individuals when compared with the levels of TC (169.87 ± 33. 57 mg/dL), TG (98.14 ± 39.14 mg/dL), and LDL (100.57 ± 27.78 mg/dL) of non-diabetic participants. Conversely, there was no significant difference when the plasma levels of HDL-C (52.78 ± 19.10 mg/dL), Na+ (136.93 ± 3.14 mmol/L), K+ (4.11 ± 0.54 mmol/L), HCO3- (22.03 ± 4.66 mEq/L) and Cl- (101.09 ± 4.33 mmol/L) of test subjects were compared with that of control individuals HDL-C (53.46 ± 15.04 mg/dL), Na+ (137.11 ± 3.37 mmol/L), K+ (4.17 ± 0.45 mmol/L), HCO3- (22.27 ± 3.55 mEq/L) and Cl- (94.52 ± 10.78) (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study shows significant alteration of fasting lipid parameters amongst diabetics. This suggests that diabetic individuals are associated with dyslipidaemia, which predisposes them to cardiovascular risks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Comparative Evaluation of Plasma Lipid Profile and Electrolytes in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals Attending Healthcare Checkup in Everight Laboratory in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Ugwu¹,

Anyanwu²,

E-Okereke³

et al. 2022

JAMPS

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The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Yemen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Al-Hajj,

Khan,

Gul

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health challenge, and its co-occurrence with diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Yemen, a nation facing unique healthcare complexities, necessitates an in-depth investigation into the prevalence of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors among its population with DM. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of CVR factors among individuals with diabetes in Yemen, to understand and highlight the knowledge gap, and to influence targeted interventions and policies. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and African Journal Online (AJOL) databases. Medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and keywords related to DM, CVR factors, Yemen and prevalence were used. Studies published from inception to December 2020 were considered, with inclusion criteria including all Yemeni diabetic patients older than 18 years, and studies conducted in Yemen that provided sufficient data to calculate their corresponding confidence intervals. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two investigators. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of CVR factors among individuals with DM in Yemen. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled prevalence rates using random-effects models. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to address the scarcity of data on CVR factors among individuals with DM in Yemen. By synthesizing existing evidence, this research seeks to enhance our understanding of the cardiovascular health landscape in Yemen and provide crucial insights for healthcare interventions. These findings will contribute valuable evidence to inform strategies aimed at reducing CVD-related morbidity and mortality among Yemeni individuals with DM.

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Serum Electrolyte Levels among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Sana’a City, Yemen

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative Evaluation of Plasma Lipid Profile and Electrolytes in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals Attending Healthcare Checkup in Everight Laboratory in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Comparative Evaluation of Plasma Lipid Profile and Electrolytes in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals Attending Healthcare Checkup in Everight Laboratory in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Yemen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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