Serum enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection correlates with disease in HIV-infected individuals

Abstract

The sera from 16 individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at different clinical stages were evaluated for antibody-dependent neutralization and/or enhancement of infectivity by HIV. The HIV isolate from each individual (homotypic) and established laboratory strains showing broad cellular host range and cytopathicity were used. All sera could neutralize one of the laboratory-passaged isolates, whereas only two could neutralize the corresponding homotypic strain. Seven homotypic isolates were enhanced by serum from the respective individual. This activity was primarily observed in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Moreover, the tropism for macrophages of four of these seven viral isolates was found to be enhanced by the homotypic sera. Finally, sequential pairs of HIV and sera obtained from five HIV-infected individuals with different clinical progression were studied over time. The enhancing activity of three of the five sera appeared to increase over time, indicating changes in both the host virus population and the type of antibodies produced. These results suggest that enhancing antibodies contribute to the spread and pathogenesis of HIV in vivo. They emphasize the necessity of studying further the association of enhancing antibodies and disease progression in infected individuals.

Fc Gamma Receptor Polymorphisms Modulated the Vaccine Effect on HIV-1 Risk in the HVTN 505 HIV Vaccine Trial

“…Importantly, ADE has also been described for HIV in vitro (26,27). Although it remains unknown whether ADE could increase HIV infection risk in humans (28), it has been found that patients with HIV who have antibodies capable of ADE have more rapid disease progression (29). For ADE to mediate enhanced infection risk after HIV vaccination, the vaccine regimen would need to induce nonneutralizing or poorly neutralizing antibodies; it has been shown that the HVTN 505 regimen did induce such antibodies (namely, gp41 reactive and nonneutralizing) (30).…”

Traitors of the immune system—Enhancing antibodies in HIV infection: Their possible implication in HIV vaccine development

“…Except for early work with FcR-ADE [31], most data on the clinical significance were reported on C-ADE. Therefore, the following discussion will be largely restricted to the latter type of infection-enhancement.…”

A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus: molecular biology, immunopathogenesis, clinical aspects, and vaccination

“…An attempt has been made to correlate the presence of enhancing Abs in the serum of HIV-infected patients to the progression of aquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, the in vitro enhancement levels demonstrated were fairly low and the number of patients was limited (Homsy, et al, 1990). With HRSV, Ab may not only function to enhance infectivity, but also to enhance leukotriene production in infected cells (Ananaba and Anderson, 1991 ).…”

“…The ultimate question is what bearing ADE of virus infection, as described in vitro, has upon the pathogenesis of disease in vivo and the development of virus vaccines. This question has fueled an ongoing debate among researchers ofDV (Halstead, 1989;Morens and Halstead, 1990;Rosen, 1989) and HIV (Bolognesi, 1989;Homsy, et al, 1990;Robinson, et al, 1988b). There is a substantial body of epidemiological information to suggest that ADE of DV infection of macrophages underlies the development of a more severe form of dengue called dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.…”