Serum estradiol concentration required to maintain body weight, attractivity, proceptivity, and receptivity in the ovariectomized female rat

Albert, D.J.; Jonik, R.H.; Gorzalka, Boris B.; Newlove, Theresa; Webb, B.; Walsh, M.L.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90036-n

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, these implants provided estradiol concentrations equal to the mean level of estradiol present throughout the estrous cycle (16 pg/ml) (Williams and Lipner, 1982;Albert et al, 1991). Implants similar to the E100 implants have been found to produce a serum estradiol concentration of 55 pg/ml in OVX rats (Lerant and Freeman, 1998), which is equivalent to the peak estradiol level reached during noon of proestrous (Williams and Lipner, 1982;Albert et al, 1991). Also, it has been shown that in OVX rats, progesterone implants similar to the ones used in the present study have been found to provide concentrations that are approximately two-thirds of the maximum progesterone level reached during the estrous cycle (Williams and Lipner, 1982;Albert et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the ovariectomy procedure, rats were subcutaneously implanted with silastic implants at the nape of the neck. These implants were either empty or filled with crystalline steroid hormones and were of a length aimed at maintaining normal circulating levels, as reported previously (Williams and Lipner, 1982;Albert et al, 1991;Suzuki et al, 1995;Lerant and Freeman, 1998). Estrogen implants were 5 mm in length, and filled with either 100% estradiol (17␤-estradiol, salt; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), or a 20% estradiol-cholesterol mixture (5-cholesten-3␤-OL, salt; Steraloids, Newport, RI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estrogen and Progesterone Prevent Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition by the Serotonin-1A Receptor Agonist 8-Hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin

Gogos¹,

Buuse²

2004

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of estrogen and progesterone treatment on 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)-1A (5-HT 1A ) receptor-mediated disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle. The age-at-onset of schizophrenia is later in women than men, and it has been suggested that women may be protected from schizophrenia by the sex steroid hormone estrogen. 5-HT 1A receptors have been implicated in the development of schizophrenia and the action of antipsychotics. PPI is a model of sensorimotor gating that is deficient in schizophrenia and other illnesses. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated. Some OVX rats received silastic implants filled with a low dose of estrogen (E20), a high dose of estrogen (E100), progesterone (P), or both the E20-and P-filled (E/P) silastic implants. Two weeks later, the rats were randomly treated with saline, or 0.02 or 0.5 mg/kg of the 5-HT 1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT). Treatment with 8-OH-DPAT resulted in a dose-dependent increase in startle amplitude in all rat groups. PPI was significantly reduced after injection of 0.5 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT in sham-operated rats, untreated OVX rats, E20-treated OVX rats, and P-treated OVX rats. In contrast, in E100-and E/P-treated OVX rats, PPI was not significantly reduced by 0.5 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT. These data suggest that treatment with a high dose of estrogen, or with a combination of estrogen and progesterone, prevents 8-OH-DPAT-induced disruption of PPI. Thus, these hormones could be protective against sensorimotor gating deficits, at least those induced by 5-HT 1A receptor stimulation, and may therefore be beneficial against some symptoms of schizophrenia.Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness with symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairment (Harrison, 1999). Several neurotransmitters have been found to be altered in schizophrenia patients, e.g., there are changes in dopamine (D 2 and D 4 ) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT 1 and 5-HT 2 ) receptors (Dean, 2000). Recently, there is increasing literature on the potential importance of the 5-HT 1A receptor in schizophrenia. Post-mortem studies have revealed increased 5-HT 1A receptor density in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia (Hashimoto et al., 1991;Simpson et al., 1996). In addition, some atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine and ziprasidone, have a high affinity for the 5-HT 1A receptor and show a low incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (Rollema et al., 2000).Epidemiological evidence indicates that men have an earlier onset of schizophrenia, compared with women, of approximately 3 to 4 years (Hä fner et al., 1993). This sex difference in age-at-onset is consistent across cultures and is found by many studies, regardless of the definition of onset and definition of illness used (Hä fner et al., 1993;Castle et al., 1995). Furthermore, only in women does the distribution peak for age-at-onset of schizophrenia ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estrogen and Progesterone Prevent Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition by the Serotonin-1A Receptor Agonist 8-Hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin

Gogos¹,

Buuse²

2004

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…Sham-operated rats had regular estrous cycles. The body weight of ovariectomized rats is known to increase following ovariectomy (11). To determine if E2 was effective at reversing this increase, the body weight was measured (Fig.…”

Section: Abstract-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Ovariectomy and Continuous Replacement of 17.BETA.-Estradiol on the Tail Skin Temperature and Behavior in the Forced Swimming Test in Rats.

Okada

Hayashi²,

Kometani³

et al. 1997

Jpn.J.Pharmacol

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“…and 7.5 mm in length) were filled with a mixture of estradiol and cholesterol powder (1:4, w/w) and sealed both ends with silicone glue. This size of estradiol capsule was reported to maintain physiologically high levels of blood estradiol (about 50 pg/ml), equivalent to peak concentrations at proestrus in intact female rats [8]. All the capsules were soaked in sterilized physiological saline solution overnight prior to the implantation.…”

Section: Subcutaneous Capsules For Estradiol Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estradiol-Induced Inhibition of Body Weight Gain and Reduction of Food Intake Are Not Associated with Diurnal Rhythmicity.

Miura

Kikusui

Takeuchi

et al. 1999

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Ovariectomized female rats were subcutaneously implanted with silicone capsules containing estradiol (n=11), which maintained physiological levels of plasma estradiol, or cholesterol (n=10) as control at the age of 9 weeks. Body weight, amount of food intake and water consumption were recorded twice daily during a 2 week period starting one week before the capsule implantation. Estradiol treatment induced suppression of daily food intake and body weight gain in animals carrying estradiol capsules as compared with those carrying cholesterol one, whereas there was no apparent estradiol effect on water intake. The extent of suppression of both body weight gain and food intake were indistinguishable between the light and the dark phases. The present results suggest that the mechanism which mediates the inhibition of body weight gain and the reduction of food intake is not directly linked with that generating diurnal rhythmicity.

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Serum estradiol concentration required to maintain body weight, attractivity, proceptivity, and receptivity in the ovariectomized female rat

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

Estrogen and Progesterone Prevent Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition by the Serotonin-1A Receptor Agonist 8-Hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin

Estrogen and Progesterone Prevent Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition by the Serotonin-1A Receptor Agonist 8-Hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin

Influences of Ovariectomy and Continuous Replacement of 17.BETA.-Estradiol on the Tail Skin Temperature and Behavior in the Forced Swimming Test in Rats.

Estradiol-Induced Inhibition of Body Weight Gain and Reduction of Food Intake Are Not Associated with Diurnal Rhythmicity.

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