Serum exosomes derived from spontaneously hypertensive rats induce cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo by increasing autocrine release of angiotensin II in cardiomyocytes

The potential roles of exosomes in pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy mechanisms and therapy: A review

“…AGT, renin, ACE Contributes to increased Ang II secretion in cardiomyocytes, leading to hypertrophic responses [168] ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme, AGT = angiotensinogen, AT1R = angiotensin II type 1 receptor, InsP3R = inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin, PDLIM5 = PDZ and LIM domain 5, SORBS2 = sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2, SUMO1 = small ubiquitin-related modifier 1, TSC1 = tuberous sclerosis complex 1. www.md-journal.com in response to hypertrophic stimuli. [146][147][148] The levels of these miRNAs in circulating exosomes could potentially be used as noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.…”

“…Jingwei Yu and colleagues found that SHR serum exosomes (SHR Exo) contain elevated levels of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) proteins, including AGT, renin, and ACE, which contribute to the increased autocrine secretion of angiotensin II (Ang II) in cardiomyocytes. [168] The injection of SHR Exo into mice induced left ventricular wall thickening and decreased cardiac function, while the AT1-type receptor antagonist telmisartan prevented hypertrophy of H9c2 cells induced by SHR Exo. These findings suggest that SHR-derived exosomes play a crucial role in the progression from hypertension to cardiac hypertrophy by carrying RAS proteins into cardiomyocytes, leading to increased Ang II secretion and subsequent hypertrophic responses.…”